Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 146 m (Ref. 2850), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 41°N - 27°N, 125°W - 114°W
Eastern Pacific: Redding Rock in northern California, USA to central Baja California, Mexico.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 35.6, range 32 - 39 cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2850); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.6 kg (Ref. 40637); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 30 Tahun (Ref. 56049)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 12 - 13; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 15-17; Duri dubur 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 8 - 10; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 26. Branchiostegal rays: 7 (Ref. 36715).
Sometimes found well off bottom, in or near kelp or over rocky reefs (Ref. 2850). Juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 36715). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Ikan buruan: ya
informasi lanjut
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaElectrophoresesDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12 - 19.1, mean 15.1 °C (based on 14 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00471 - 0.01537), b=3.05 (2.89 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (tm=5; tmax=30; K=0.22-0.28; Fec=71,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.3 [5.6, 49.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.368 [0.142, 0.932] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.4, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.433 [0.166, 1.110] g/100g; Selenium = 44.1 [15.2, 143.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 67.9 [24.9, 190.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.415 [0.208, 0.831] mg/100g (wet weight);
