Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Mức độ sâu 0 - ? m (Ref. 40849), usually 0 - 15 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 20°S - 35°S
Western Atlantic: Southern Florida, (USA), Bahamas, Antilles, and coast of South America (Ref. 26938), from Brazil to Argentina (Ref. 3815).
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 20.3, range 20 - 23.1 cm
Max length : 37.8 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 57473); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 2.5 kg (Ref. )
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng): 12; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng): 13-14; Tia cứng vây hậu môn 3; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 12 - 14. Large, black, saddle-shaped blotch on upper caudal peduncle (Ref. 26938). Silvery, about nine faint narrow dark bars may be visible on upper two-thirds of body (Ref. 13442).
Occur in clean turbulent waters along open rocky coasts, usually in surf areas (Ref. 7251). Juveniles are frequently found in littoral pools between rocks (Ref. 9626). Individuals up to 10 cm are caught in shallow waters, often in sandy shores or in seagrass (Thalassia) beds (Ref. 9626). Maximum weight of 2500 g based on confirmed reports from Uruguay (L.A. Pereira, pers. comm., 6/12/01).
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: buôn bán nhỏ; cá để chơi: đúng
Các công cụ
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.1 - 25.8, mean 23.4 °C (based on 68 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00574 - 0.02638), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.1 [14.0, 57.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.607 [0.319, 1.135] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.1, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.218 [0.116, 0.427] g/100g; Selenium = 15.9 [7.5, 29.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 48.4 [14.4, 155.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.867 [0.571, 1.303] mg/100g (wet weight);
