>
Centrarchiformes (Basses) >
Centrarchidae (Sunfishes)
Etymology: Lepomis: Greek, lepis = scaled + Greek, poma = gill cover, operculum (Ref. 45335, 79012); gibbosus: gibbosus from gibbous, or like a full moon, referring to body shape (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
; Água doce; estuarina bentopelágico; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 15; potamódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 41 m (Ref. 1998). Subtropical; 4°C - 30°C (Ref. 1672); 50°N - 32°N, 125°W - 64°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: New Brunswick in Canada south to Savannah River in Georgia, USA; Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River), and upper Mississippi River basins from Quebec west to southeastern Manitoba and North Dakota, and south to north Kentucky and Missouri, USA. Introduced to Pacific drainages from British Columbia to California. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 86798); common length : 9.9 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 12193); peso máx. publicado: 630.00 g (Ref. 4699); idade máx. registrada: 12 anos (Ref. 72493)
Espinhos dorsais (total): 10 - 12; Raios dorsais (total): 10-12; Espinhos anais 3; Raios anais : 8 - 11; Vértebras: 28 - 30
Inhabits vegetated lakes and ponds, as well as quiet pools of creeks and small rivers (Ref. 86798). Feeds on small fishes and other vertebrates (Ref. 1998), as well as fish eggs (Ref. 2058). Adtults rarely form schools but occur in pairs or loose aggregations of three to four individuals; young individuals aggregate in fairly large schools (Ref. 120693). An introduced species in Europe which avoids swift waters and occurs in estuaries with a salinity up to 18.2 ppt (Ref. 59043). Reported in Europe to prey on a wide variety of invertebrates (Ref. 59043). Considered undesirable catch (Ref. 30578).
Males build the nest on very shallow waters near the shore. The pair then swims in a circular path over the nest and eggs and sperm is released in intervals. The male guards the eggs for about 7 days (Ref. 93240) and the young (to about 11 days after hatching), then prepares the nest for another spawning with the same or different females (Ref. 1998). In European waters, each male may spawn with several females in one nest and guard the nest until abandoned by larvae (Ref. 59043). Produces up to 1000 eggs (Ref. 1672).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Potential pest
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pesca de subsistência; peixe esportivo: sim; Aquário: Espécies comerciais
Mais informação
ReferênciasAquaculturaPerfil para aquaculturaEstirpesGenéticaElectrophoresesHereditariedadeDoençasProcessamentoNutrientsConversão de massa
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00913 - 0.01443), b=3.11 (3.06 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (tm=2; Fec=600-5000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
