分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps)
鯉形目 (Carps) >
Catostomidae (Suckers)
亞口魚科 (Suckers) > Catostominae
Etymology: Catostomus: Greek, kata = down + Greek, stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335); commersonii: Named after P. Commerson, early french naturalist..
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的, usually ? - 30 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 0°C - 29°C (Ref. 35682); 68°N - 34°N
North America: throughout most of Canada to the Atlantic Coast, south through North Carolina to New Mexico in the USA, becoming less common in the southern High Plains.
北美洲: 在大部分的加拿大到各處大西洋的海岸，南至美國北卡羅萊那州到新墨西哥州, 在南方的高平原中變成較不普遍。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 23 - ? cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 10294); common length : 40.7 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 2.9 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 12 年 (Ref. 12193)
Inhabits a wide range of habitats, from rocky pools and riffles of headwaters to large lakes. Usually occurs in small, clear, cool creeks and small to medium rivers. May be found at a depth greater than 45 m (Ref. 1998). Moves to shallower water near sunrise and sunset to feed. Fry (1.2 cm in length) feed on plankton and other small invertebrates; bottom feeding commences upon reaching a length of 1.6-1.8 cm. Preyed upon by birds, fishes, lamprey, and mammals (Ref. 1998). Flesh is white, flaky, and sweet (Ref. 1998).
從河川源頭的岩石的深潭與急流到大的湖,棲息於寬範圍的棲息地。 通常出現於中小且清澈的, 冷的小溪與小型到中型的河。 可能被發現在深度大於 45 公尺。 (參考文獻 1998) 移動到較淺的水域接近日出與日落時覓食。 魚苗 (1.2 公分長) 吃浮游生物與其他的小型無脊椎動物; 當達到 1.6-1.8 公分的長度時開始在底部覓食。 被鳥，魚，八目鰻與哺乳動物捕食了。 (參考文獻 1998) 肉是白色的﹐薄片的﹐與甜的。 (參考文獻 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Adults home to certain gravelly spawning streams. Two to four males crowd around a female and press against her with their fins. Eggs are scattered and adhere to the gravel or are carried downstream and adhere to the substrate when the water is calmer. The spawning act lasts for 3-4 seconds and may occur 6-40 times an hour (Ref. 1998). Spent adults return to the lake 10-14 days after spawning began. Most females return to the lake during the first half of the downstream migration followed by most males in the latter half. Downstream fry migration occurs between dusk and dawn (Ref. 10928).北美洲: 在大部分的加拿大到各處大西洋的海岸，南至美國北卡羅萊那州到新墨西哥州, 在南方的高平原中變成較不普遍。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: occasionally
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00986 - 0.01608), b=2.99 (2.92 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=6; tmax=12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 52.1 [25.3, 83.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.403 [0.252, 0.694] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [14.4, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.736 [0.374, 1.461] g/100g; Selenium = 14.8 [8.2, 28.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.4 [4.2, 29.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.696 [0.520, 0.964] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
