Torpedo panthera, Panther electric ray

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Torpedo panthera Olfers, 1831

Panther electric ray
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Torpedo panthera   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Torpedo panthera (Panther electric ray)
Torpedo panthera
Picture by Field, R.

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien demersaal; diepte 1 - 350 m (Ref. 58488). Tropical; 30°N - 11°N, 34°E - 85°E (Ref. 114953)

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964) and Red Sea. Reports from other parts of the western Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal) probably refer to a different species.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 30573)

Korte beschrijving Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal): 0; Anale stekels 0; Anale zachte stralen: 0; Wervels: 98 - 102. Disc-width shorter than its length, width and length about 1,60 to 1,80 times in total length; dorsal fins more or less rounded, its base 1,25 times in its length (Ref. 39215).

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Found on coral reefs; as well as mud or sandy bottoms, from shallow water to a depth of 100 m (Ref. 30573, Ref. 114953). Mainly feeds on invertebrates and small reef fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Males reaches maturity at 28 cm TL (Ref. 114953).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : Carvalho, Marcelo | Medewerkers

Michael, S.W., 1993. Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Bedreigd (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 06 January 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Other





Gebruik door de mens

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 18.5 - 26.3, mean 23.4 °C (based on 224 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00659 - 0.03318), b=2.97 (2.78 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  4.6   ±0.8 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (60 of 100).