Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin; saumâtre démersal; profondeur ? - 55 m (Ref. 27549). Deep-water

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Southwestern Atlantic: Venezuela, including Trinidad and Tobago, to Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: L_m 35.0, range 34 - 50 cm
Max length : 137 cm WD mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 4439); common length : 90.0 cm WD mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5217); poids max. publié: 0.00 g

Description synthétique Morphologie | Morphométrie

Broad, diamond-shaped ray with a very short tail lacking a dorsal spine (Ref. 26938). Snout protruding. Front edges of disk concave. Tail with low dorsal and ventral finfolds and 3 - 4 dark crossbars (Ref. 7251). Upper surface gray, brown, light green or purple with round spots. Lower surface white (Ref. 6902).

Prefers neritic waters of the continental shelf and usually found on soft bottoms. May enter brackish estuaries or hyper-saline lagoons (Ref. 5217). Feeds on fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587); other crustaceans and clams (Ref. 27549). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Generally marketed salted (Ref. 5217).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur : McEachran, John | Collaborateurs

Yokota, L. and M.R. de Carvalho, 2017. Taxonomic and morphological revision of butterfly rays of Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) species complex, with the description of two new species (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae). Zootaxa 4332(1):1-74. (Ref. 116399)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Quasi-menacé (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 19 September 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

Harmless

Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 21.8 - 27.9, mean 25 °C (based on 544 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00312 - 0.00843), b=3.10 (2.95 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items.

Résilience (Ref. 120179): Très faible, temps minimum de doublement de population supérieur à 14 ans (Fec=3).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).

Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 7.1 [1.0, 38.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.314 [0.067, 0.935] mg/100g; Protein = 21.9 [18.4, 24.9] %; Omega3 = 0.234 [0.058, 0.711] g/100g; Selenium = 8.65 [2.29, 27.32] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.06 [1.19, 29.85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.395 [0.196, 0.738] mg/100g (wet weight);

Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)