分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) >
Trygonorrhinidae (Banjo rays, Fiddler rays)
Etymology: Zapteryx: Greek, za = an augmentative particle + Greek, pteryx, wing, fin (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 200 m (Ref. 37955), usually 1 - 22 m (Ref. 12951). 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 20°N, 125°W - 108°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: California, USA to Mexico, records to Peru probably misidentifications.
東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 68.0, range 57 - 77 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 48844); 97.0 cm (female)
脊椎骨: 149 - 150. Spiral valve count: 8-10. Broad disc is about as wide as it is long; dorsal surface covered with numerous, small to large, scattered, stellate prickles; a single median row of enlarged thorns running along the mid-back; a broad, short snout; small, blunt, pebble like teeth; a dorsal fin that originates closer to the pelvic fin bases than to the caudal fin origin; a thick tail and a moderately large, rounded caudal fin without a distinct lower lobe. Tooth count: 60-75/60-75.
Coloration: The dorsal surface is sandy brown to dark gray, with several prominent black bars, and lighter below with dark spots on the posterior edge of the pectoral fins.
螺旋瓣数目: 8-10. 宽的体盘是大约等宽于它是长的; 背面覆盖着很多了, 小型到大型的，分散的，和星形的刺; 沿着背部中央的大刺的中央列; 一个宽的, 短的吻; 小的，钝的，和卵石状的齿; 超过到尾鳍起源起点较靠近腹鳍基底的一个背鳍; 一个厚的尾部与一个普通大又圆形的尾鳍没有明显的下叶。 牙齿数目: 60-75/60-75.
体色 背部表面是黄棕色到深灰色, 有一些突出的黑色横带, 与腹面颜色较淡在胸鳍的后缘上有深色的斑点。
Generally in rocky areas mainly shallower than 10 m, moves offshore onto soft bottoms in autumn and winter; but may also be found on sandy bottoms (Ref. 37955, Ref. 114953). Reported from tide pools (Ref. 12951). Relatively docile, harmless rays that are easily approached by divers (Ref. 48844). Feeds mainly on mollusks and crustaceans (Ref. 37955). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449), with 4 to 11 pups in a litter (Ref. 51576). Maturity size of males at 64-70 cm TL, females at 57-77 cm TL; birth size at 15-18 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Seldom buries itself in sand. This species is a commercially important part of artisanal fisheries (Ref. 114953).
Etymology: The genus name comes from the Greek za, meaning intensive, and pteryx, meaning fin, in reference to the vertical fins being larger than those of skates. The species name comes from Latin, meaning made rough, in reference to the numerous stellate prickles on its back. (Ref. 48844).
通常在岩石区中也但是可能被发现于砂质底部之上.(参考文献 37955) 记录来自潮池了。 (参考文献 12951) 相当可驯服又无害处的鳍条那是借着潜水者容易接近.(参考文献 48844) 主要吃软件动物与甲壳动物。 (参考文献 37955) 卵胎生的 (参考文献 50449), 3 到 11个幼胎一胎.(参考文献 51576) 很少掩藏于沙子中。
词源: 本属名称来从希腊的 za, 意谓密集的, 与 pteryx, 意谓鳍, 在作为大于魟鱼的参考到垂直的鰭中。 此魚種名稱來自拉丁文,意謂製造粗糙, 在參考到中很多的星形刺在它的背面。 (參考文獻 48844).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
During breeding season, male and female adult schools congregate in shallow areas of bays and lagoons (Ref. 51576). Parturition takes place three to four months after mating, with litters of 4 to 11 pups (Ref. 48844).東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.1 - 28.5, mean 23.1 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00267 - 0.01964), b=3.00 (2.76 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 7.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec = 4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 9.41 [1.30, 36.16] mg/100g; Iron = 0.385 [0.093, 1.046] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.7, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.062, 0.340] g/100g; Selenium = 16.5 [4.8, 49.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.4 [11.2, 110.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.605 [0.292, 1.289] mg/100g (wet weight);
