分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) >
Alopiidae (Thresher sharks)
Etymology: Alopias: From alopex, Greek for fox, referring to the ancient vernacular “fox shark,” from its supposed cunning (ancients believed that when it took a bait, it swallowed the hook until it got to the cord, which it bit off and so escaped). (See ETYFish); superciliosus: super (L.), over and above; ciliosus (L.), haughty or having a raised eyebrow, referring to enormous upward- looking eyes set high on head and/or marked groove over eyes. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Lowe.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 730 m (Ref. 89423), usually 0 - 100 m (Ref. 43278). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 40°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54278)
Circumglobal; tropical and temperate seas. Highly migratory species.
Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 美國的紐約州向南至巴哈馬與古巴; 巴拿馬到蓋亞那.(參考文獻 6871) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉, 包括地中海。 印度-太平洋: 阿拉伯海，馬達加斯加，南非，日本南部，台灣，越南北部 (參考文獻 13570) ，新加勒多尼亞，澳洲西北海岸，紐西蘭與東太平洋的夏威夷群島北部與南部: 南加州 (美國) ，哥斯大黎加與巴拿馬 (參考文獻 9253), 加拉巴哥群島高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 253.0, range 154 - 341 cm
Max length : 488 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 350 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 363.8 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 20 年 (Ref. 28081)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. A large thresher with very large eyes, an indented forehead, a broad caudal tip, and curved broad-tipped pectoral fins; 1st dorsal fin further back than in other threshers (Ref. 5578). Upper lobe of caudal fin very long and strap-like almost or quite equal to length of rest of shark; lower lobe short but well developed (Ref. 13570). Purplish grey above, cream below, posterior edges of pectoral and pelvic fins and sometimes first dorsal fin dusky; light color of abdomen not expanded over pectoral-fin bases (Ref. 13570).
一种大的长尾鲛有非常大的眼，一个凹入的前额，一个宽的尾部顶端与弯曲的顶端宽的胸鳍; 第一背鳍更向后面超过在其他的长尾鲛中.(参考文献 5578) 尾鳍上叶非常长而带状的几乎或相当等于其他鲨鱼的长度; 下叶短但是发展良好的.(参考文献 13570) 背面紫灰色的，腹面乳黄色的, 胸鳍与腹鳍的后缘与有时第一背鳍暗色的; 淡色的腹部不扩散到胸鳍基底了。 (参考文献 13570)
Occurs in coastal waters over continental shelves, sometimes close inshore in shallow waters, and on the high seas far from land (Ref. 247, 43278, 58302). Oceanic, pelagic and near bottom at 1->500 m (Ref. 58302). Depth range to at least 500 m (Ref. 247). Feeds on pelagic fishes (lancetfishes, herring, mackerel and small billfishes (Ref. 43278)) and bottom fishes (hake (Ref. 43278)) and squids (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 43278, 50449). Stuns its prey with its long caudal fin (Ref. 247). Utilized for human consumption, liver oil for vitamins, skin for leather, and fins for shark-fin soup (Ref. 247). Marketed fresh and may be broiled, baked or grilled, but unsuitable for steaming, boiling or frying; meat may be salted and dried (Ref. 9987). Also Ref. 33743.
出现于在大陆架上的沿岸水域, 有时近岸浅水区水域, 而且在公海上远离土地.(参考文献 247) 深度范围到至少 500 公尺.(参考文献 247) 吃大洋性与底栖性的鱼与乌贼。 (参考文献 247) 卵胎生的, 胚胎吃产生于母亲的卵黄囊与其他的卵.(参考文献 50449) 打昏它的猎物用它的长尾鳍.(参考文献 247) 供人类食用, 肝油用于维他命，皮肤用做皮革与鳍用于鱼翅汤.(参考文献 247) 在市场上销售生鲜地而且可能是火烤的，烧烤的或烤的, 但是不适于蒸煮或油炸; 肉可能是盐腌而乾燥的.(参考文献 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). With 2-4 young per litter (usually 2) (Ref. 247). Size at birth between 64-106 cm (Ref. 247); 100-140 cm TL (Ref.58048). No fixed mating or birthing season. Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 美國的紐約州向南至巴哈馬與古巴; 巴拿馬到蓋亞那.(參考文獻 6871) 東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉, 包括地中海。 印度-太平洋: 阿拉伯海，馬達加斯加，南非，日本南部，台灣，越南北部 (參考文獻 13570) ，新加勒多尼亞，澳洲西北海岸，紐西蘭與東太平洋的夏威夷群島北部與南部: 南加州 (美國) ，哥斯大黎加與巴拿馬 (參考文獻 9253), 加拉巴哥群島高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.2 - 29, mean 27.1 °C (based on 6320 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00596 - 0.02017), b=2.91 (2.75 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tm=7; tmax=20; K=0.088; Fec=2-4).
Prior r = 0.23, 95% CL = 0.08 - 0.62, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.7 [1.9, 34.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.696 [0.174, 2.034] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [18.1, 22.8] %; Omega3 = 0.371 [0.150, 0.897] g/100g; Selenium = 35.9 [11.2, 103.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.18 [2.01, 19.71] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.32 [0.16, 0.59] mg/100g (wet weight);
