分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Salvelinus: Old name for char; it is the same root of german "saibling" = little salmon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 3 - 61 m (Ref. 120394), usually 18 - 53 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; 4°C - 13°C (Ref. 120394); 75°N - 38°N, 168°W - 67°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific basins from northern Canada and Alaska south to New England in USA, Great Lakes, and northern Montana, USA. Introduced widely to many areas outside its native range.
Splakes (hybrid between Salvelinus namaycush and Salvelinus fontinalis) have also been successfully introduced to many areas of North America. The three observed phenotypes existing in Lake Superior (lean, siscowet and humper or paperbelly) are under some genetic control and not merely expressions of environmental adaptation (Ref. 40529).
北美洲: 廣泛地從加拿大北部分佈了，而且阿拉斯加州南至在美國的新英格蘭而且在加拿大-美國南至五大湖流域。 廣泛地在它的原產地之外引入到許多區域。 Splakes(在 Salvelinus namaycush 與 美洲紅點鮭〔溪紅點鮭〕〔Salvelinus fontinalis〕 之間雜交) 也已經是引進成功的北美洲的許多區域。 這三個觀察在秀克必李耳湖 (瘦肉, siscowet 與保險桿或者 paperbelly) 存在的表現型只在一些遺傳的控制下面而不是環境適應的表達。 (參考文獻 40529)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 51.6, range 42 - 50 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6114); 最大体重: 32.7 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 50 年 (Ref. 3494)
背棘 (总数): 4 - 5; 背的软条 (总数): 8-10; 臀棘 4-5; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 10; 脊椎骨: 61 - 69. Distinguished by its color, white or yellowish spots on a dark green to grayish background, its deeply forked tail and its numerous pyloric caeca. Lateral line slightly curved anteriorly; pelvic fins with small axillary process (Ref. 27547). Body typically trout-like, elongate, somewhat rounded. Head stout, broad dorsally; mouth large, terminal, snout usually protruding slightly beyond lower jaw when mouth is closed. Back and sides usually dark green liberally sprinkled with whitish to yellowish (never pink or red) spots; overall color varies from light green to gray, brown, dark green or nearly black; belly white; pale spots present on dorsal, adipose and caudal fins and usually on base of anal; sometimes orange-red on paired fins, especially in northern populations; anterior edge of paired and anal fins sometimes with a white border. At spawning time, males develop a dark lateral stripe and become paler on the back (Ref. 27547). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Distinguished from congeners in Europe by the unique dark brown head, body, dorsal and caudal fins, covered by small pale spots; differs also by its deeply forked caudal fin (Ref. 59043).
区别的特徵为它的颜色了, 白色或淡黄色的斑点一之上深绿色的对浅灰色的背景, 它的分岔很深尾部与它的很多幽门的盲肠。 侧线些微地前面地弯曲; 腹鳍有小的腋窝突起.(参考文献 27547) 身体典型像鳟鱼一样, 延长,略微圆的。 头部矮胖的, 宽的背面; 嘴大的，末端的, 当嘴被关闭的时候，吻通常伸出略超过下颌。 背面与侧边通常深绿色的宽大地洒对淡黄色的 (从不粉红或红色的) 斑点有微白色的; 整体的颜色改变从淡绿色的对灰色, 褐色，深绿色的或几乎黑色; 腹部白色的; 灰白的斑点位于之上背部的, 脂鳍与尾鳍与通常在臀鳍基底上; 有时橘红色的在偶鳍上, 尤其在北方的族群; 前缘成对的与臀鳍有时有一个白色的边缘。 在繁殖期，雄性发育一条黑的侧面斑纹而且变成较灰白的背部之上。 (参考文献 27547) 尾鳍有 19个鳍条。 (参考文献 2196)
Occurs in shallow and deep waters of northern lakes and streams and is restricted to relatively deep lakes in the southern part of its range (Ref. 5723, 86798). Rarely found in brackish water (Ref. 11980). A solitary wanderer, the extent of their movements apparently limited by the size of the lake and individual (Ref. 27547). Although lake trout generally feed on a variety of organisms such as freshwater sponges, crustaceans, insects, fishes (with a preference for ciscoes), and small mammals, some populations feed on plankton throughout their lives (Ref. 27547). Such plankton-feeding lake trout grow more slowly, mature earlier and at smaller size, die sooner and attain smaller maximum size than do their fish-eating counterparts (Ref. 30351). Lake trout are highly susceptible to pollution, especially from insecticides (Ref. 14019, 27547). Utilized as a food fish, its flesh is usually of a yellow or creamy color but may be anything from white to orange (Ref. 27547). Often caught by fishers (Ref. 30578).
发现于北方湖泊与溪流的浅或深水域而且在它的分布范围的南部中被局限于相当深的湖了。 (参考文献 5723) 极少在半淡咸水。 (参考文献 11980) 一种独居性流浪者 , 他们的运动的范围显然地局限于湖的大小与个体了。 (参考文献 27547) 虽然鳟鱼通常吃多种生物例如淡水的海绵，甲壳动物，昆虫，鱼 (偏爱鱼曹白鱼之类) 与小的哺乳动物, 但是，一些族群在他们的生命各处吃浮游生物。 (参考文献 27547) 如此浮游生物-进食的鳟鱼更慢慢生长, 成熟的早些时候比做他们的吃鱼相对物而在较小的大小, 更快死而且达到较小的最大体长.(参考文献 30351) 鳟鱼是高度地易受污染, 尤其从杀虫药.(参考文献 14019,27547) 作为食用鱼, 它的肉黄色或者乳脂色颜色通常是但是可能是任何东西从白色到橘色的.(参考文献 27547) 时常被渔夫捕获了。 (参考文献 30578)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
The spawning act occurs mostly at night, with peak activity between dusk and 9 or 10 pm (Ref. 28805, 28815). During the day the fish are more or less dispersed away from the spawning beds but return in considerable numbers in the late afternoon (Ref. 27547). Males reach spawning beds first and spend some time cleaning the rocks. Females arrive a few days later and are courted by the males. During and following courtship, the males attempt to spawn with the females. One or two males approach a female, press against her sides and quiver. The eggs fall into the crevices and the spawners disperse. The act is repeated until the female releases all her eggs (Ref. 1998, 27547). On occasion, as many as seven males and three females may engage in a mass spawning act (Ref. 28815). Spawning occurs annually in southern areas, every other year in Great Slave Lake, Northwest Terrritories, and only every other year in Great Bear and some other lakes of the arctic (Ref. 1153, 28802, 28860).北美洲: 廣泛地從加拿大北部分佈了，而且阿拉斯加州南至在美國的新英格蘭而且在加拿大-美國南至五大湖流域。 廣泛地在它的原產地之外引入到許多區域。 Splakes(在 Salvelinus namaycush 與 美洲紅點鮭〔溪紅點鮭〕〔Salvelinus fontinalis〕 之間雜交) 也已經是引進成功的北美洲的許多區域。 這三個觀察在秀克必李耳湖 (瘦肉, siscowet 與保險桿或者 paperbelly) 存在的表現型只在一些遺傳的控制下面而不是環境適應的表達。 (參考文獻 40529)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00712 - 0.00972), b=3.02 (2.98 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.0 (4.5 - 12.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.05-0.12; tm=5-20; tmax=50; Fec=5,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 5.7 [3.5, 10.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.366 [0.232, 0.579] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 1.71 [0.52, 5.82] g/100g; Selenium = 17.6 [5.5, 58.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 31.9 [8.9, 117.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.573 [0.428, 0.819] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
