分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 915 m (Ref. 43), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43). 亞熱帶的; 15°C - 30°C (Ref. 43); 44°N - 47°S, 18°E - 69°W (Ref. 43)
Indo-Pacific: tropical and subtropical waters, occasionally entering temperate waters. Stray individuals migrate into the Atlantic Ocean by way of the Cape of Good Hope, but the existence of Atlantic breeding stocks is unlikely. Highly migratory species.
印度-太平洋: 熱帶與亞熱帶的水域, 偶然地進入溫帶的水域。 迷途的個體迴游進入大西洋之內經由好望角，但是大西洋繁殖分枝的生存不太可能。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 465 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 380 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大體重: 750.0 kg (Ref. 5503)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 39-50; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 21. Body elongate and not very compressed; upper jaw produced into a robust but not very long beak; two dorsal fins, the height of the first less then the greatest body depth, becoming shorter posteriorly; pectoral fins falcate and rigid, with 19 to 20 rays; body densely covered with small, embedded scales with 1 or 2 sharp points; back dark blue; belly silvery white; membrane of first dorsal fin blue black, without spots; flanks without spots (Ref. 55763). Dark blue above, silvery white below; sometimes with light blue vertical stripes; 1st dorsal fin blackish to dark blue, other fins dark brown with tinges of dark blue in some specimens.
背面深藍色的, 下面銀白色的; 有時有淺藍色垂直的斑紋; 第一背鰭黑色的對深藍色, 其他的鰭深褐色的在一些標本中有深藍色的淡色。
Oceanic, usually found in surface waters above the thermocline, often near shore close to land masses, islands and coral reefs. Feed on fishes, squids, cuttlefishes, octopods, large decapod crustaceans and mostly on small tunas when abundant (Ref. 9668). The flesh is of good quality; marketed refrigerated or frozen and prepared as sashimi in Japan (Ref. 9308). Also Ref. 9692.
大洋性的, 通常發現於在溫水層上面的水表面, 時常近岸接近大陸區塊，島與珊瑚礁。 捕食魚，烏賊，墨魚，章魚，大的十足目的甲殼動物與主要吃小鮪魚當豐富的時候.(參考文獻 9668) 肉是有好品質的; 在市場上銷售在日本使或冷卻凍結而且作為生魚片。 (參考文獻 9308) 也參考文獻 9692.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Believed to prefer water temperatures around 27° to 28°C during spawning. Egg counts of ripe roe totaled about 40 million per female. 印度-太平洋: 熱帶與亞熱帶的水域, 偶然地進入溫帶的水域。 迷途的個體迴游進入大西洋之內經由好望角，但是大西洋繁殖分枝的生存不太可能。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16 - 28.4, mean 25.4 °C (based on 3272 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00209 - 0.00953), b=3.13 (2.93 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.47(?); Fec=67 million; assuming tm>2).
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.2 [9.1, 31.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.771 [0.444, 1.305] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.3, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.224 [0.117, 0.422] g/100g; Selenium = 66.5 [32.9, 124.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.68 [1.84, 17.81] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.339 [0.233, 0.495] mg/100g (wet weight);
