分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos)
鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 4233). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 26°S, 97°W - 32°E
Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola (Ref. 4225, 13121, 57392), including the western Mediterranean, St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121), and Ascension Island. Reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783). Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to Brazil (Ref. 7251), including the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626) and the Caribbean. Also found in Argentina (Ref. 59355). In the tropical Eastern Pacific, it is replaced by Caranx caballus Günther 1869, which may be conspecific.
東大西洋: 塞內加爾到安哥拉, 包括地中海西部，聖保羅岩礁 (參考文獻 13121) 與阿森松島。 記錄來自茅利塔尼亞了。 (參考文獻 55783) 西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省到巴西 (參考文獻 7251), 包括墨西哥灣 (參考文獻 9626) 與加勒比海。 在熱帶的東太平洋，它被 Caranx caballus Gunther 1869 取代, 那可能是同種的。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 27.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 5.1 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 11 年 (Ref. 5803)
背棘 (總數): 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 22-25; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 19 - 21. Diagnosis: body elongate (depth comprised 3.2-3.5 times in fork length) and moderately compressed; snout slightly rounded (Ref. 57392). Maxilla ends below middle of eye (Ref. 26938, 57391). 2 dorsal fins, 1st with 8 spines, 2nd with 1 spine and 22-25 soft rays; anal fin with 2 spines, followed by 1 spine and 19-21 soft rays (Ref. 57391, 81654). Anterior lobe of soft dorsal and anal fins moderately developed, their height smaller than head length; pectoral fins falcate, longer than head; scales small and cycloid (Ref. 57391). Chest fully scaled (erroneously reported as chest naked in other sources)(Ref. 81654). 45 (Ref. 26938, 81654) - 56 (Ref. 57392, 81654) scutes along posterior/straight part of lateral line.
Coloration: back light olivaceous to bluish-green, sides silvery-grey to golden; juveniles with about 7 dark crossbars on sides (Ref. 57392).
顎骨結束眼睛中央下方。 45-46個鱗甲筆直地沿著側線的部份。 (參考文獻 26938)
A schooling species (Ref. 5217, 57391) generally not far from the coast (Ref. 5217), in coastal marine and brackish waters to at least 100 m depth (Ref. 57392). Juveniles often found in association with floating Sargassum (Ref. 5217), often entering lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 57392). Adults feed on fishes, shrimps, and other invertebrates. They spawn offshore from January through August (Ref. 26938). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Excellent food fish (Ref. 9626); marketed fresh, frozen (Ref. 5521), and salted. Often used for bait (Ref. 26938). Maximum reported total length 550mm in Ref. 57392.
一個群游性魚種通常不遠離海岸。 (參考文獻 5217) 稚魚常被發現伴隨著漂浮 馬尾藻 .(參考文獻 5217) 吃魚，蝦與其他的無脊椎動物。 產卵外海從一月到八月。 (參考文獻 26938) 優良的食用魚;(參考文獻 9626) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 冷凍 (參考文獻 5521), 與鹽醃的。 時常用來當作魚餌。 (參考文獻 26938)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 塞內加爾到安哥拉, 包括地中海西部，聖保羅岩礁 (參考文獻 13121) 與阿森松島。 記錄來自茅利塔尼亞了。 (參考文獻 55783) 西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省到巴西 (參考文獻 7251), 包括墨西哥灣 (參考文獻 9626) 與加勒比海。 在熱帶的東太平洋，它被 Caranx caballus Gunther 1869 取代, 那可能是同種的。
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., J.-C. Quéro and M. Desoutter, 1990. Carangidae. p. 729-755. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7097)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.9 - 27.9, mean 24.9 °C (based on 752 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01458 - 0.02071), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.32-0.38; tmax=11; Fec=41,000).
Prior r = 0.78, 95% CL = 0.52 - 1.17, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.7 [5.9, 29.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.343 [0.176, 0.734] mg/100g; Protein = 21 [19, 24] %; Omega3 = 0.222 [0.119, 0.400] g/100g; Selenium = 21.6 [8.9, 50.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27 [8, 94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.396 [0.246, 0.632] mg/100g (wet weight);
