分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 5 - 30 m (Ref. 37816). 熱帶; 30°N - 27°S, 70°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: Maldives (Ref. 30829) and Sri Lanka to the Ryukyu Islands, Papua New Guinea, and northeast Australia. Reported from Viet Nam but this is probably a misidentification (Ref. 2682).
印度-西太平洋: 馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 30829) 與斯里蘭卡到琉球群島，巴布亞新幾內亞與澳洲東北部。 記錄來自越南了但是這可能是一個錯誤的鑑定.(參考文獻 2682)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 20 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 48635)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 9; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body relatively deep, its depth 2.3-2.6 times in standard length. Head length 0.8-0.9 times in body depth, 2.7-3 times in SL, dorsal profile near eye convex; snout length about 2-2.5 times in HL, measured without the lip the snout is 0.9-1.1 times in cheek height, its dorsal profile nearly straight or slightly concave, snout angle relative to upper jaw between 65° and 75°; interorbital space convex; posterior nostril a longitudinal oblong opening, closer to orbit than anterior nostril; eye situated close to dorsal profile, its length 3.3-4.1 times in HL; cheek height 2.2-2.8 times in HL; lateral teeth in jaws rounded with points or molars; outer surface of maxilla usually smooth, sometimes with a longitudinal ridge. D X,9 with the 4th or 5th dorsal-fin spine the longest, its length 2.7-3.3 times in body depth; A III,8 with the first soft ray usually the longest, its length longer than length of base of soft-rayed portion of anal fin and 1.1-1.5 times in length of entire anal-fin base; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin membranes between rays closest to body without dense melanophores; cheek without scales; 46-47 lateral-line scales; 5 ½ scale rows between lateral line and base of middle dorsal-fin spines; 15-16 scale rows in transverse series between origin of anal fin and lateral line; 13-15 rows in lower series of scales around caudal peduncle; usually 3-8 scales in supratemporal patch; inner surface of pectoral-fin base densely covered with scales; posterior angle of operculum fully scaly. Colour of body dusky whitish, lighter below, with 5-6 orange stripes; posterior edge of opercle and preopercle bright red (the former more conspicuous); head brown or tan, sometimes a red spot on lower front edge of eye; pectoral fins orangish; pelvic and anal fins, and most of dorsal fin whitish; edge of dorsal and caudal fins reddish (Ref. 114226).
体色是暗色的微白色的, 变成腹面颜色较淡, 有四个或六条橘色的斑纹。 鳃盖与前鳃盖骨的后缘是鲜红色。 头部是褐色或者黄褐色的, 在眼的下面前缘上有时有一个红色的斑点。 胸鳍是橘色的; 腹鳍, 肛门而大部分的背鳍是微白色的。 背部的边缘与尾鳍是淡红的。 (参考文献 2295)
Inhabits sandy and soft bottoms and seagrass beds in inshore bays, lagoons and areas adjacent to reefs. Usually in small groups (Ref. 48635). Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, polychaetes and small fishes. Juveniles commonly visit the tidal reef flats to feed when the water is high (Ref. 48635). Caught by trap, handline, shore seine, trawl, and handline. Minor importance in fisheries where it occurs (Ref. 68703).
在近海海湾，泻湖与邻近礁的区域中栖息于砂质与软质底部与海草床。 通常形成小的群。 (参考文献 48635) 吃甲壳动物，软件动物，棘皮动物，多毛类动物与小鱼。 稚鱼通常留在潮汐的礁石平台觅食当水位高时.(参考文献 48635)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 30829) 與斯里蘭卡到琉球群島，巴布亞新幾內亞與澳洲東北部。 記錄來自越南了但是這可能是一個錯誤的鑑定.(參考文獻 2682)
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
更多信息
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.5 - 29.3, mean 28.7 °C (based on 2098 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01094 - 0.03320), b=3.02 (2.87 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.4-0.5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 54.4 [37.9, 81.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.958 [0.627, 1.401] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [17.6, 22.4] %; Omega3 = 0.122 [0.086, 0.173] g/100g; Selenium = 40 [23, 66] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.7 [5.2, 128.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.28 [1.72, 2.96] mg/100g (wet weight);
