分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 10 - 200 m (Ref. 2295). 熱帶; 32°N - 23°S, 32°E - 160°E
Indo-West Pacific: widespread, including the Red Sea, Arabian (Persian) Gulf, East Africa to Sri Lanka, to the Ryukyu Islands and Papua New Guinea. Also recorded from Micronesia (Ref. 3807) and French Polynesia (Ref. 4517) but these are probably misidentifications of Lethrinus olivaceus.
印度-西太平洋: 廣泛分佈, 包括紅海 , 波斯灣, 東非到斯里蘭卡，到琉球群島與巴布亞新幾內亞。 也記錄自密克羅尼西亞 (參考文獻 3807) 與法屬玻里尼西亞 (參考文獻 4517) ，但是這些是可能是 尖吻裸頰鯛〔Lethrinus olivaceus〕 的誤鑑.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 29.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 48635); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2295); 最大体重: 4.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 9; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. The snout is moderately long, its dorsal profile slightly concave. Body color is bluish gray or brown often with scattered irregular dark blotches on sides; sometimes three dark streaks radiate forward from the eye. The fins are pale or orangish.
吻部是中等长度的,它的背面轮廓些微地凹曲。 体色是蓝灰色的，否则褐色时常在侧边上有分散的不规则的黑色斑块; 有时三个深色条纹向前呈放射状从眼。 鳍是灰白或橘色的。
Found over sandy areas near coral reefs (Ref. 30573). Feeds on fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, and polychaetes. Swims in small schools sometimes together with L. olivaceous. Utilized as a food fish. Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
发现在在珊瑚礁附近的沙地上了。 (参考文献 30573) 吃鱼，甲壳动物，头足类动物与多毛类动物。 形成小群鱼群群游有时伴随着 L. 橄榄色的 . 作为食用鱼。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 廣泛分佈, 包括紅海 , 波斯灣, 東非到斯里蘭卡，到琉球群島與巴布亞新幾內亞。 也記錄自密克羅尼西亞 (參考文獻 3807) 與法屬玻里尼西亞 (參考文獻 4517) ，但是這些是可能是 尖吻裸頰鯛〔Lethrinus olivaceus〕 的誤鑑.
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1954 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00766 - 0.01802), b=2.97 (2.85 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.20).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.8 [21.6, 41.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.726 [0.499, 0.997] mg/100g; Protein = 20.3 [17.7, 22.4] %; Omega3 = 0.124 [0.092, 0.165] g/100g; Selenium = 51 [27, 76] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.1 [5.6, 129.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.81 [1.40, 2.24] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
