分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Macrouridae (Grenadiers or rattails)
Etymology: Hymenocephalus: Named for its transparent membrane-like head covering (‘‘hymen head’’) and fragile nature of head bones (Ref. 100825).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 100 - 1400 m (Ref. 3587). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 20°S, 97°W - 35°E (Ref. 1371)
Widespread: common in the tropical western Atlantic; Eastern Atlantic: from Portugal to Angola), the Mediterranean. Western Indian Ocean: off southern Somalia to Zanzibar, off Mozambique to Durban, along the Mascarene Ridge and off Maldives (Ref. 98298); including Gulf of Aden and Zanzibar (Ref. 26165).
東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉, 包括地中海。 西大西洋: 佛羅里達海峽經過墨西哥灣與加勒比海到巴西北部。 印度洋: 亞丁灣，桑吉巴與馬爾地夫.(參考文獻 26165)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 2.7, range 3 - 4 cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大年龄: 9 年 (Ref. 58045)
Most common at depths less than 500 m (Ref. 1371). Feeds predominantly on pelagic copepods, to a lesser extent on euphausiids and gammarian amphipods, and to a minor extent on shrimps, ostracods, cumaceans, other small crustaceans, and small fish (Ref. 1371). Due to its small size, it is not of significant interest to fisheries (Ref. 1371).
最常见在深度小于 500 公尺.(参考文献 1371) 主要捕食大洋性的桡脚类的动物，少部分的磷虾与夜蛾片脚类动物, 与对一个较小的范围吃虾子，介形虫, cumaceans ，其他的小型甲壳动物与小鱼.(参考文献 1371) 由于它的体型小, 它不与渔场有重要的相关。 (参考文献 1371)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 葡萄牙到安哥拉, 包括地中海。 西大西洋: 佛羅里達海峽經過墨西哥灣與加勒比海到巴西北部。 印度洋: 亞丁灣，桑吉巴與馬爾地夫.(參考文獻 26165)
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.1 - 15.9, mean 12.6 °C (based on 338 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00162 (0.00101 - 0.00260), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.18; tmax=9).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 61.2 [28.1, 133.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.77 [0.40, 1.46] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [14.9, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.122, 0.517] g/100g; Selenium = 49 [19, 110] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.1 [7.2, 127.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.02 [0.66, 1.63] mg/100g (wet weight);
