分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Dorosoma: Greek, doris = lance + Greek, soma = body (Ref. 45335); cepedianum: Doro=lanceolate; soma=body (referring to the body shape of the young), and cepedianum, in honor of Bernard Germain Etienne de la Ville sur Ilion, Comte de La Cepede (1756-1825) (Ref. 79012).
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 33 m (Ref. 39020). 亞熱帶的; ? - 32°C (Ref. 12741); 49°N - 21°N, 108°W - 70°W (Ref. 188)
Northwest Atlantic: North America and Gulf of Mexico drainage (southeast South Dakota and central Minnesota, Great Lakes drainage, i.e. in Lake Erie, southern parts of Lakes Huron and Michigan, Lake Ontario basin; not Lake Superior; southernmost New York southward to the Mississippi system and to Gulf southward to Río Pánuco, Mexico.
西北大西洋: 北美洲與墨西哥灣流域 (達科塔南方部東南部與明尼蘇達州中部 , 五大湖流域, 在伊利湖，休倫湖與密西根湖的南部也就是, 安大略湖流域; 不是秀克必李耳湖; 最南的紐約向南至密西西比河流域而且到灣向南至 Rio Panuco ，墨西哥。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 36.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 57.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 35.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); 最大体重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 10 年 (Ref. 72462)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 10-15; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 25 - 36; 脊椎骨: 47 - 51. Body moderately deep; belly with 17 to 20 - 10 to 14 scutes. Mouth small; lower jaw short. Last dorsal fin ray long, about equal to distance from snout tip to mid-pectoral fin or beyond; anal fin long. Scales small, somewhat irregular. A dark spot behind gill opening. Gill rakers fine and numerous (Ref. 188). Branchiostegal rays 6 (Ref. 4639). Silvery to brassy, with a bluish back. Stomach thick-walled, gizzard-like (Ref. 7251).
身体中等纵深的; 腹面有 17个到 20- 10 到 14个鳞甲。 嘴小的; 下颌短。 最后的背鳍鳍条长的, 大约等于从吻尖到在之中的距离-胸鳍或超过; 臀鳍长的。 鳞片小的, 略微不规则的。 在鳃裂后面的一个深色斑点。 鳃耙细且多.(参考文献 188) 鳃条骨 6.(参考文献 4639) 银色到黄铜色的, 具有一个蓝色的背面。 腹部厚壁的, 像砂囊一样的.(参考文献 7251)
Inhabits open water of medium to large rivers, lakes, and impoundments. Ascends creeks and small rivers with well-developed pools and enters brackish water (Ref. 86798). Occurs mainly in freshwater in large rivers, reservoirs, lakes, swamps, temporary floodwater pools, etc., but adults also found in brackish or saline water of estuaries or bays, preferring quieter open waters. Juveniles are found in great abundance well upstream from brackish water (Ref. 39041). Very young individuals apparently never enter brackish water (Ref. 38947). Larvae are most abundant in surface waters both day and night (Ref. 4639). A herbivorous filter-feeder almost entirely. Breed near the surface in freshwater from late winter (mid-March) through most of the summer (at least to about mid-August). The adhesive eggs sink. Used to some extent as fertilizer and cattle food (Ref. 188).
主要出现在在大河，水库，湖，沼泽，暂时的洪水水池，等等中的淡水，但是成鱼也发现于半咸淡水或河口或海湾的咸度水了,偏爱比较安静的开放水域。 稚鱼被发现于大的丰度从半淡咸水成功地向上游.(参考文献 39041) 非常年幼的鱼个体显然地从不进入半淡咸水。 (参考文献 38947) 仔鱼是最丰富在水表面不论白天或夜晚。 (参考文献 4639) 几乎完全地的一个食草的滤食动物。 在淡水中接近水面繁殖从冬季末 (三月中) 经过大部分的夏天 (至少到八月中旬左右). 聚集在一起的卵下沉。 使用范围如肥料与牛食物了。 (参考文献 188)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Temperature range for spawning: 10°C-28.9°C (Ref. 39042), usually most active above 18°C (Ref. 862, 3742).西北大西洋: 北美洲與墨西哥灣流域 (達科塔南方部東南部與明尼蘇達州中部 , 五大湖流域, 在伊利湖，休倫湖與密西根湖的南部也就是, 安大略湖流域; 不是秀克必李耳湖; 最南的紐約向南至密西西比河流域而且到灣向南至 Rio Panuco ，墨西哥。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.8 - 26.8, mean 24 °C (based on 244 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00790 - 0.01053), b=3.04 (3.00 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.4 ±0.21 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2; tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 91.8 [52.8, 153.9] mg/100g; Iron = 1.56 [0.89, 2.61] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.6, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.498 [0.293, 0.826] g/100g; Selenium = 22.4 [11.4, 43.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.48 [2.54, 17.22] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.11 [0.75, 1.57] mg/100g (wet weight);
