分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Tenualosa: Latin, tenuis = thin + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 大洋性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 20°N - 10°N
Asia: Mekong River system.
亞洲: 湄公河流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30857); 最大体重: 1.0 kg (Ref. 9497)
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0. Deep body (Ref. 43281). Belly with 28 to 30 scutes. Head large; a median notch in upper jaw which distinguishes it from other similar clupeids, except Hilsa kelee. gill rakers fine and numerous, 204 to 316 on lower part of arch (increasing with size of fish); with mucosal buds and not asperities on upper edges of rakers. Caudal fin moderate. A dark spot behind gill opening; a series of spots along flank (Ref. 188).
身体纵深.(参考文献 43281) 腹面有 28 到 30个鳞甲。 头部大的; 除了 Hilsa kelee 以外,在上颌的一个中央的凹槽可用来与其他的相似鲱鱼区别。 鳃耙细且多,204 到 316 在弓的较下面的部位上;(随着鱼的大小增加) 与 mucosal 在耙的上缘上发芽而不是粗暴。 尾鳍中等的。 在鳃裂后面的一个深色斑点; 一系列的斑点沿着侧面。 (参考文献 188)
Inhabits mainstreams, lowland tributaries and floodplains (Ref. 58784). A riverine species, at least judging from the distance (as far as 2000 km from sea) up the Mekong River. A filter feeder specializing in microscopic food such as phytoplankton or bacteria found on particulate matter (Ref. 12693) and zooplankton (Ref. 58784). A ripe male was recorded at Nongkai, Thailand. Migrate up the Mekong River at Chinese New Year (late January to late February) in company with Cirrhinus spp. and Botia modesta and downstream in June-July with Cirrhinus spp. Most large spawning fish of 400-500 g weight. Last recorded large scale migrations was in 1984 and is likely to disappear (Ref. 9497). Largest individuals are found in the Great Lake and smaller ones in northern Cambodia (Ref. 12693). In the middle Mekong along the Thai-Lao border, small individuals (young of the year) of 4 to 5 cm TL were first encountered in the middle of April, which by the middle of May had doubled in average size. By early June, the average individuals taken in haul seines had a total length of 14 cm, although the consistent recruitment of smaller individuals half that size indicated that spawning period may have extended over more than one month. The abundance of young of the year increases during the onset of the rising water levels when the suspended solids increase. This species migrates downstream into Cambodia in July. It may follow the turbid floodwaters all the way to the Tonlé Sap, perhaps moving into the Great Lake as it fills with water from the Mekong. As water levels in the Great Lake fall, it migrates back down the Tonlé Sap to the Mekong. With water flow decreasing, it begins the movement upstream toward Khoné Falls. Whether or not an individual fish would cover this entire distance is unknown, as is the time required for such journey (Ref. 12693). Above the Khone Falls, a combination of the first rain, increased water levels and increased turbidity triggers the fish to undertake upstream migration to spawning sites associated with flooded areas in tributaries of the Mekong. As water starts to recede, it moves back to the mainstream (Ref. 37770). Its numbers seem to decline drastically for unknown reason, although it may be due to multiple factors including dam construction and over-fishing. The decline over the two decades may be due to the traps used at Khoné Falls. However, the previous government in Laos declared the traps illegal in 1968 and destroyed them, allowing fishing only by net and hook-and-line (Ref. 9497). Fishing improved all along the middle Mekong from Pakse to Vientiane following the destruction of the traps (Ref. 39350).
一个河栖性鱼种, 至少判断从距离 (远达 2000 公里从海洋) 提高湄公河。 专吃微小的食物例如从微粒上找到的浮游植物或细菌的一个滤食动物.(参考文献 12693) 一个成熟的雄鱼在 Nongkai ，泰国被记录。 在春节 (迟的一月到二月下旬) 向上洄游到湄公河伴随着 Cirrhinus spp。 而且 橙鳍沙鳅［Botia modesta］ 而且在六月到七月以 Cirrhinus spp 顺流而下。 400-500 g 重量的大部分大被产卵的鱼。 最后记录大规模的回游在 1984 年而且可能消失.(参考文献 9497) 大的个体被发现于五大湖与较小的一个在柬埔寨北部。 (参考文献 12693) 在湄公河中游中沿着泰寮边界,4 到 5 公分TL 的小个体 (当年出生的幼鱼) 在四月中第一个被见到, 平均大小已经加倍的在五月中旬以前。 在六月初之前，采自拖曳网的平均个体有了 14 公分的全长,虽然较小的个体一半那一个大小的前后添加量指出产卵时期可能已经延续超过一个月。 幼鱼的年丰度增加在的开始的时候水位上升当悬浮固体增加的时候。 这种在七月移动下游进入柬埔寨。 它可能跟随浑浊的洪水一路到 Tonle Sap, 也许迁进五大湖当它装满水从湄公河。 在 Great 湖当水位下降时, 它向下游回 Tonle Sap 到湄公河。 藉由减退的水水流，它开始那逆流游到 Khone 瀑布。 是否一个个别的鱼将会涵盖整个路程是未知的, 如同是对如此的旅程是必需的时间.(参考文献 12693) 在 Khone 瀑布，一个第一个雨的组合之上，增加的水位与增加的浑浊引起鱼进行对在湄公河的支流中的伴随着洪泛区的产卵区的溯溪回游。 当水开始后退, 它游回主流.(参考文献 37770) 它的数字似乎大幅为未知的理由消退, 虽然它可能由于包括水坝建筑与过渔的多个因素。 在两者十年上的减少可能由于在 Khone 瀑布被使用的鱼笼。 然而，在老挝的上一任政府宣布在 1968 年是非法的鱼笼而且破坏了他们, 允许只有钓鱼藉着网与一支钓.(参考文献 9497) 全部被改良的钓鱼在鱼笼的破坏之后从 Pakse 到 Vientiane 沿着湄公河中游。 (参考文献 39350)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
亞洲: 湄公河流域。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00433 - 0.01920), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Assuming fec > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
