分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335); chrysochloris: From the words chryso, meaning gold and chloris, meaning green (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Rafinesque.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 23°N, 100°W - 82°W (Ref. 188)
Western Central Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (from Corpus Christi in Texas eastward to Pensacola in Florida; also in rivers, e.g. Mississippi and Ohio Rivers to Minnesota, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania).
中西大西洋: 墨西哥灣 (從德州的考帕克利士替向東至佛羅里達的潘沙可拉; 也在河，例如密西西比與俄亥俄河到明尼蘇達州，威斯康辛州與賓州).
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188); common length : 37.5 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大体重: 1.7 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 4 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0. Belly with a distinct keel of scutes. Lower jaw not rising steeply within mouth; teeth prominent at front of lower jaw. Lower gill rakers slender. Back bluish green, abruptly changing to silver on flank; no dark spot at shoulder. Closely resembles A. mediocris of Atlantic coasts, which has no upper and weak lower jaw teeth, a dark shoulder spot and the body deeper than head length (Ref. 188).
腹面有一个鳞甲的明显龙骨脊。 下颌不陡升在嘴里面; 齿突出的在下颌的前面。 下鳃耙细长的。 背面蓝绿色的, 突然地变成银色的在侧面上; 在肩的没有深色斑点。 非常近似大西洋海岸的 A. mediocris, 没有上面而弱的下颌齿，一个黑的肩斑点与身体深度超过头长.(参考文献 188)
Generally present in coastal marine water (Ref. 37039). Enter brackish- and freshwaters, but perhaps not always or not consistently anadromous (Ref. 188), although strongly migratory within rivers (Ref. 10294) , mostly in fast-flowing water where they are renowned for leaping. Feed on small fishes, the juveniles on insects. Spawning times and places not certain. Adults serve as hosts to the larvae (glochidia) of the economically valuable pearly mussel (Fusconaia ebena) of the Mississippi basin (Ref. 188).
进入半咸淡水与淡水, 但是可能不常一贯地溯河回游产卵, 虽然强烈的回游性在河里面, 大部份在快速流动的水在哪里它们是以跳跃着名的。 吃小鱼，昆虫幼生。 产卵时间与地点不确定的。 成鱼对密西西比流域的高经济价值珍珠贝 ( Fusconaia ebena) 的幼生当作寄主使用。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
中西大西洋: 墨西哥灣 (從德州的考帕克利士替向東至佛羅里達的潘沙可拉; 也在河，例如密西西比與俄亥俄河到明尼蘇達州，威斯康辛州與賓州).
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.1 - 24.6, mean 23.9 °C (based on 126 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00371 - 0.01125), b=2.99 (2.85 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.63 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
