分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Ehiravidae (River sprats)
Etymology: Clupeonella: Latin, clupea = sardine, derived from Clupeus = shield; diminutive (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Borodin.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 半鹹淡水 大洋性; 深度上下限 0 - 78 m (Ref. 188). 溫帶; 44°N - 35°N, 46°E - 54°E (Ref. 188)
Former USSR and Asia: central and southern parts of the Caspian Sea.
前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海的中部與南部。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 593); common length : 12.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大體重: 26.00 g (Ref. 593)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 13-21; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 12 - 23. Body slender; head short and wide; belly rounded, with 23 to 31 scutes. Pectoral fin tips rounded. Last 2 anal fin rays enlarged; Pterotic bulla absent. No notch at the center of the upper jaw. Females slightly larger than males.
身體細長的; 頭部短與寬的; 腹面圓形的, 與 23 到 31個鱗甲。 胸鰭頂端圓的。 最後 2個臀鰭棘條增大了; 翼的文件印章不存在。 在上頜的中心的沒有凹槽。 雌性略大超過雄性。
Occurs mainly in the open sea, occasionally approaching the shore and sometimes forming large schools. Rises to the surface in the spring months, but descending to as much as 78 m in late summer (apparently rising again in October-November, but descending once more in winter). Breeds intermittently from end of April to November, mainly in July, in the open sea.
主要生活在開放海域, 偶然地接近海岸與有時形成大群魚群。 在春天數個月上升到水面, 但是在夏末下降到高達 78 公尺.(顯然地在十月至十一月再次上升, 但是再次下降冬天時) 在開放海域中,從四月底到十一月間歇地繁殖,主要在七月。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海的中部與南部。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bde); Date assessed: 31 May 2018
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00239 - 0.01051), b=2.97 (2.78 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Fec=9,986-53,430).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.1 [0.9, 263.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.361 [0.025, 4.277] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [15.7, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.771 [0.268, 2.210] g/100g; Selenium = 3.37 [0.24, 44.43] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.8 [2.9, 169.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.607 [0.055, 6.821] mg/100g (wet weight);
