分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
麗魚科 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335); mortimeri: Named for M.A.E. Mortimer, a fish culturist who conducted a great deal of productive fish culture research in Zambia between 1951 and 1965 (Ref. 13337).
More on author: Trewavas.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性. 熱帶; 10°S - 19°S
Africa: Middle Zambezi and its tributaries, including Luangwa River (except probably the upper reaches of its tributaries Lunsemfwa and Mulungwishi above the escarpment), Hunyani River and Lake Kariba (Ref. 5166). Introduced to Kipopo and the Lufira River (upper Congo River basin) in Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ref. 1978).
非洲: 中央尚比西河與它的支流, 包括 Luangwa 河 (可能除它的支流 Lunsemfwa 的上游與在陡坡上面的 Mulungwishi) ， Hunyani 河與卡裡巴湖。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 22.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5309); 最大体重: 4.1 kg (Ref. 13337); 最大年龄: 8 年 (Ref. 2)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数): 16 - 17; 背的软条 (总数): 10-13; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 12; 脊椎骨: 29 - 30. Diagnosis: jaws greatly enlarged in mature males; scales in 2-3 rows on cheek; caudal peduncle relatively shorter than in O. mossambicus (Ref. 2). In life greenish grey (Ref. 2), green-blue (Ref. 52307) or grey-blue with a darker spot on each scale (Ref. 2, 52307). Females and immature males often with 1-3 dark mid-lateral blotches (Ref. 2, 52307), which may appear only as the fish dies (Ref. 2). Breeding males: predominantly iridescent blue-green to bronze (Ref. 2, 52307), with iridescent spots on dorsal and caudal fins (Ref. 2), a dorsal fin with a red edge that is not as pronounced as in O. mossambicus, and a narrow (as opposed to wide) red band at posterior end of caudal fin (Ref. 12524, 13337).
鉴别: 颚在成熟的雄性中明显增大; 在颊上的 2-3 列中的鳞片; 尾柄相当短于在 O. mossambicus 中.(参考文献 2) 活着时呈绿色的灰色 (参考文献 2), 绿色的-蓝色 (参考文献 52307) 或灰色的-蓝色在每个鳞片上具有一个较深色的斑点.(参考文献 2,52307) 雌性与不成熟的雄性时常 1-3个黑色侧面中央的斑块 (参考文献 2,52307), 那可能只有在鱼死亡时出现.(参考文献 2) 繁殖期的雄性: 主要蓝色虹彩的-绿色到青铜色的 (参考文献 2,52307), 藉由在背鰭與尾鰭鰭 (參考文獻 2) 上的彩虹色的斑點, 一個背鰭有一個紅色的邊緣，那是不如明顯的當在尾鰭的後端的 O. mossambicus, 與一條狹窄的 (當廣闊地相對於) 紅色的條紋中.(參考文獻 12524,13337)
描述: 中等深度-身體; duckbill-形狀的吻與大的嘴, 大部份在大的雄性中見到了.(參考文獻 52307) 吻的上面輪廓較大時凹曲繁殖期的雄性; 在鼻孔與眼之間的上頜骨終止; 在 3-5 系列，大部份外部的二頭齒中的齒, 內部的三尖瓣; 低的咽骨狹窄的與有齒區域的側邊凹曲; 咽齒細的.(參考文獻 2) 鰓耙密集的﹐細長的與長的.(參考文獻 3126) 在胸鰭基底與腹鰭之間的 4-6個鱗片.(參考文獻 2) 尾柄短於 (參考文獻 2,52307) 與顏色些微不同 O. mossambicus.(參考文獻 52307) 尾鰭偶然地以低或兩者的角落圓的; 尾鰭不很重地覆有鱗片的。 (參考文獻 2)
體色 身體深綠色的偶而有黑色的標本.(參考文獻 12524,13337) 身體通常白色的在腹面上.(參考文獻 2) 頰與鰓蓋的下部藍色的.(參考文獻 2,52307) 2-5 深色的但是相當暗側面中央的斑塊或條紋可能出現 (參考文獻 54048,54096), 魚死亡或保護尤其當.(參考文獻 54096) 背鰭與尾鰭鰭持有紅色到橘色的邊緣那是通常更寬與更更密集在雄性中.(參考文獻 2,52307,54048,54096) 很多的綠色彩虹色的點通常看得見的在背鰭.(參考文獻 2,52307) 有時一群閃爍白色的斑點在後部鰭條背部的與臀鰭.(參考文獻 2,54096) 尾鰭通常有一個灰色的網狀質 (參考文獻 2,54096) 近端的 2/3之上有灰白的或彩虹色的空隙.(參考文獻 2) 求偶的雄性顯得淡藍色-綠色到青銅色的, 通常有背部的區域深色的與最密集顏色; 咽喉展現如身體 (參考文獻 52307) 的相同顏色, 深灰色的 (參考文獻 54048) ﹐深綠色的或黑色的.(參考文獻 2,12524,13337,54048) 繁殖期的雄魚在鄰近胸鰭可能在鰓蓋與側面上有一個紅色的流溢;(參考文獻 54096) 深色的鰓蓋斑點可能有一個 metalic 金色區塊上面與下面它; 繁殖母魚也可能發育彩虹色, 在側面上青銅色與在鰭上藍色的.(參考文獻 54096) 眼淡黃色的; 知道的金的標本.(參考文獻 54048)
Forms schools (Ref. 2, 54048). Is mainly diurnal; salt-tolerant (Ref. 2). Feeds mainly on (filamentous) algae (Ref. 2, 12524, 13337, 52307, 54048) and diatoms, as well as higher plants (Ref. 2, 52307), dipterous larvae, cladocerans, copepods (Ref. 2), aquatic and terrestrial insects, shrimps, worms (Ref. 12524, 13337, 54048) and mollusks (Ref. 54048). Mouthbrooder; spawns several times per year (Ref. 12524, 13337, 54048).
形成鱼群。 (参考文献 2,54048) 主要日行性; 盐-宽容的.(参考文献 2) 主要吃 (丝状的) 藻类 (参考文献 2,12524,13337,52307,54048) 与硅藻, 以及较高等的植物 (参考文献 2,52307) ，双翅目昆虫幼生，水蚤，桡脚类的动物 (参考文献 2), 水生与陆栖的昆虫，虾，蠕虫 与软件动物5.(参考文献 54048) 口孵者; 产卵好几次每年。 (参考文献 12524,13337,54048)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Nest a saucer-shaped depression with a raised mound in the middle (Ref. 12524, 13337), made by the male in a breeding arena in shallow water down to about 4m (Ref. 54048). Females are lured to these through male courtship displays; female collects eggs in mouth after spawning and fertilisation, and moves off; mouthbrooding females may shoal together and do not feed at this time; eggs hatch after about ten days but remain in the mouth for a further few days; juveniles make short feeding sorties once the storage yolk is used up, but seldom stray far and dart into her mouth when danger threatens; after about another 10 days young are released in warm shallow water in the margins (nursery areas), where they feed independently in small shoals (Ref. 54048). Young released from mouthbrooding female are about 1cm long (Ref. 2). Female returns to the breeding arena where she spawns again (Ref. 54048).非洲: 中央尚比西河與它的支流, 包括 Luangwa 河 (可能除它的支流 Lunsemfwa 的上游與在陡坡上面的 Mulungwishi) ， Hunyani 河與卡裡巴湖。
Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 实验的; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00948 - 0.04201), b=3.01 (2.83 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
