分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Soleidae (Soles)
Etymology: Pegusa: The old name of the Cnidus, the city in Asia minos where the Atheniasn defeated Spartans in a naval battle near 394 BC.
More on author: Risso.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 5 - 350 m (Ref. 4710), usually 20 - 50 m (Ref. 26999). 亞熱帶的; 57°N - 17°S, 18°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: northeastern to southeastern Atlantic; perhaps Gulf of Guinea; the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea; reported from Suez Canal (Ref. 32649); and Sea of Azov (Ref. 4710).
東大西洋: 東北方的到東南方的大西洋; 也許幾內亞灣; 地中海與黑海; 記錄自蘇伊士運河了;(參考文獻 32649) 而且亞速海.(參考文獻 4710)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 22 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4710); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2714); 最大年龄: 15 年 (Ref. 32766)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 69-87; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 53 - 73; 脊椎骨: 40 - 48. Last ray of dorsal and anal fins joined by a low membrane to the base of the caudal fin. Supratemporal branch of lateral line forming an arch. Anterior nostril on the blind side prominent forming a large round rosette, its diameter equal to that of the eye. Lower lip on ocular side undulated with about 6 lobes. Length of both nasal tubes and scales above it on the ocular side about equal. Pectoral fin on the ocular side with a black botch with a white margin except at its base; this blotch often interrupted by light space or accompanied by dots or streaks on one side or the other (present in fresh specimens from coast of Israel (Ref. 32649). Brownish yellow or reddish brown in color with obscure pale blotches and specks (Ref. 3200).
背鳍与臀鳍的最后鳍条被一个低的薄膜到尾鳍基底连结了。 侧线形成一个弓的上颞骨分支。 在没有眼睛的一边上的前鼻孔突出的形成一个大的圆毛簇, 它的直径等于眼的。 在被波动的有眼睛的一边上的下唇有大约 6个叶。 大约相等的在有眼睛的一边上的在它上面的鼻管与鳞片的长度。 在眼睛的侧边上的胸鳍具有一个黑色的拙笨修补具有一个白色的边缘除了在它的基底之外; 这一个斑块时常藉着淡空间中断或者伴随着在一个侧边上的点或者条纹或者另一个 (出现在来自以色列的海岸的新鲜的标本.(参考文献 32649) 黄褐色或红褐色的颜色有模糊的灰白斑块与斑点.(参考文献 3200)
Found on gravel, sand or mud. Feeds on a wide range of small marine bivalves; mainly on crustaceans such as amphipods, mysids, shrimps, decapods, bivalves and polychaetes (Ref. 4710).
栖息于砾石，沙或泥了。 吃宽范围的小海洋的二枚贝; 主要吃甲壳动物例如片脚类动物，糠虾，虾，十足类动物，二枚贝与多毛类动物。 (参考文献 4710)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 東北方的到東南方的大西洋; 也許幾內亞灣; 地中海與黑海; 記錄自蘇伊士運河了;(參考文獻 32649) 而且亞速海.(參考文獻 4710)
Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. A taxonomic reappraisal of the Atlanto-Mediterranean soles Solea solea, S. senegalensis and S. lascaris. J. Fish Biol. 36(6):947-960. (Ref. 32649)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
更多信息
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.6 - 27.6, mean 18.1 °C (based on 512 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00758 - 0.01048), b=3.06 (3.01 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.41; tm=4; tmax=15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 133 [47, 301] mg/100g; Iron = 1.03 [0.42, 2.11] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.7, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.175 [0.082, 0.365] g/100g; Selenium = 38.4 [18.7, 82.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.21 [3.14, 27.04] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.885 [0.576, 1.305] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
