分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 17 - 22 m (Ref. 57178). 溫帶; 72°N - 38°N, 25°W - 22°E
Northeast Atlantic: Lisbon north to Finnmark, around the British Isles, in the Skagerrak and Kattegat and Iceland.
東北大西洋: 在史卡基拉克海域與 Kattegat 與冰島中,英國島的周圍，里斯本北至 Finnmark 。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 17.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length :20 cm TL (female); 最大年龄: 3.00 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0. Head relatively small, more than five times in SL. No lobed fold of skin above the upper lip. First fin ray followed by a row of small, fleshy filaments. Dark brown dorsally, reddish to blackish grading to pale gray-brown ventrally (Ref. 1371). One barbel on the lower jaw and four on the snout (Ref. 35388).
头部相当小的, 超过五倍于分之一标准体长。 在上嘴唇上面的皮肤没有叶状摺层。 第一个鳍鳍条跟随着一列小又肉质的丝状突起了。 背部深褐色, 淡红的到黑色的渐层色到灰白色-腹地的褐色.(参考文献 1371) 一个触须在下颌上与四在吻部上.(参考文献 35388)
A resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Generally close to the shore, not descending to great depths beyond the limits of the distribution of green algae (20 m), preferring rock bottoms but also living on sandy, muddy, and shell gravel bottoms. Feed mainly on crustaceans, sometimes also on algae, polychaetes, gastropods and occasionally, small fish. Occurs in temperatures ranging from 8 to 24°C (Ref. 4944).
一个定居的潮间带的种有归巢的行为。 (参考文献 32612) 通常接近海岸, 不下降到大的深度超过绿藻 (20 公尺) 的分布的限制, 偏爱石质底部也生活在上沙的，泥泞的, 与贝壳砾石底部。 主要捕食甲壳动物, 有时也吃藻类，多毛类动物腹足动物与偶然地, 小鱼。 出现于温度范围从 8 到 24 °C 。 (参考文献 4944)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Eggs and larvae are pelagic. 東北大西洋: 在史卡基拉克海域與 Kattegat 與冰島中,英國島的周圍，里斯本北至 Finnmark 。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.4 - 11.8, mean 10.3 °C (based on 52 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00278 - 0.01038), b=3.10 (2.93 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (tm=1; tmax=3; Fec=9,000-30,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 78.7 [38.0, 196.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.469 [0.234, 1.058] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [15.5, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.342 [0.157, 0.717] g/100g; Selenium = 10.9 [4.9, 24.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [2.5, 52.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.701 [0.465, 1.075] mg/100g (wet weight);
