分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Rostroraja: Latin, rostrum = beak + Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 183 m (Ref. 117734), usually 15 - 110 m (Ref. 37039). 亞熱帶的; 14°C - 28°C (Ref. 26938); 30°N - 18°N, 98°W - 80°W
Western Central Atlantic: Florida, USA and the Gulf of Mexico.
中西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 53.7, range 48 - 56 cm
Max length : 53.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); 最大年龄: 9 年 (Ref. 117734)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
Disk diamond-shaped; round dark spot surrounded by pale ring on base of each pectoral fin. (Ref. 26938). No small pale or dark spots on upper surface of disk, but sometimes dark blotches. No scapular spines, 1 middorsal row of spines. Distance from ocellus to eye usually less than or about equal to distance between ocelli. Snout with a clear area on each side (Ref. 7251). Upper surface rich chocolate or coffee brown, translucent on either side fo rostral cartilage. Lower surface plain white (Ref. 6902).
体盘钻石形的; 深色圆斑在每个胸鳍的基底上被灰白的环包围了。 (参考文献 26938). 没有小的灰白或在体盘的上表皮上的深色斑点, 但是有时黑色斑块。 没有肩胛棘， 1 背面中央棘的列。 来自眼状斑到眼睛的距离通常少于或大约等于假眼斑之间的距离。 在两边上吻部有一个清澈的区域。 (参考文献 7251) 上表皮深褐色或褐色, 半透明的在任一侧边 fo 嘴的软骨组织上。 下表面全白色.(参考文献 6902)
Occur from near shore to 183 m depth at temperatures ranging from 14 to 28° C but it is most common inshore of 91 m at 16-25°C. Young occur in shallow bays. Adults tend to live offshore (Ref. 26938). Adults feed mainly on decapod crustaceans and to a lesser extent on other benthic invertebrates and fishes. Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 6.3 cm long and 3.8 cm wide (Ref. 41359).
出现自对 183个公尺深温度范围从的海岸附近 14 到 28个 ° C ，但是它在 16-25个 ° C. 是 91 公尺的最常见沿海地区 幼鱼出现在浅湾。 成鱼倾向生活于外海。 (参考文献 26938) 主要捕食十足目的甲壳动物与少部分的其他底栖的无脊椎动物与鱼类。 卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 6.3 公分长与 3.8 公分宽的.(参考文献 41359)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. oung may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).中西大西洋: 美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.2 - 27.5, mean 24.9 °C (based on 230 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00269 (0.00124 - 0.00582), b=3.26 (3.09 - 3.43), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (k = 0.29; tmax = 9; tm = 5; Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
