Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 10 - 100 m. Subtropical; 37°N - 10°N, 98°W - 73°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to southern Florida in the USA and the entire Gulf of Mexico.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 7251); common length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3815)
Found mainly on sedimentary bottoms from 10 and 100 m depth.
Sex reversal, from female to male, occurs primarily at 18-25 cm FL (Ref. 5878).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Meer informatie
ReferentiesAquacultuurAquacultuurprofielKweeklijnenGeneticaElectrophoresesErfelijkheidZiektesVerwerkingNutrientsMassaconversie
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.7 - 27.5, mean 24.8 °C (based on 216 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03311 (0.01927 - 0.05691), b=2.98 (2.83 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (K=0.23; tmax=12; tm=1; Fec=>30,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 77.9 [35.3, 143.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.12 [0.59, 2.40] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [18.1, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.316 [0.182, 0.541] g/100g; Selenium = 25.3 [11.3, 55.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.6 [3.3, 56.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.521 [0.325, 0.791] mg/100g (wet weight);
