Hyporthodus niveatus, Snowy grouper : fisheries

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Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828)

Snowy grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Hyporthodus niveatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Hyporthodus niveatus (Snowy grouper)
Hyporthodus niveatus
Picture by Timm, C.D.

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> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien demersaal; diepte 30 - 525 m (Ref. 5222), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 5222). Subtropical; 41°N - 27°S, 98°W - 34°W (Ref. 5222)

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Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm 54.0, range 47 - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 26340); common length : 60.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5217); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5222); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 27 Jaren (Ref. 3090)

Korte beschrijving Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal): 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 13-15; Anale stekels 3; Anale zachte stralen: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Dark margin on spiny dorsal fin and dark saddle on caudal peduncle that extends below lateral line (Ref. 26938); juveniles with pale yellow caudal and pectoral fins; black saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle reaching below lateral line; depth of body contained 2.4-2.8 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.4 times in SL; convex interorbital area, width less than or subequal to eye diameter; enlarged serrae at angle of preopercle; distinctly convex upper edge of operculum; posterior nostrils 2-5 times larger than anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Adults occur well offshore on rocky bottoms. Juveniles may be found inshore and are often reported from the northeastern coast of the U.S (Ref. 89707). Adults feed on fishes, gastropods, cephalopods, and brachyuran crustaceans (Ref. 5222). Valuable commercial food fish (Ref. 26938).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

The size (76.7-109 cm) and age (8-29 yr) of 97 male specimens and the capture of two specimens undergoing sex change provided conclusive evidence that snowy grouper are protogynous hermaphrodites (Ref. 45886).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Kwetsbaar, zie IUCN Rode Lijst (VU) (A2bd+4bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel
FAO - visserij: aanvoer; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 14.8 - 23.7, mean 19.5 °C (based on 93 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5001   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01218 - 0.02063), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (K=0.07-0.09; tmax=27).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 34.8 [15.4, 66.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.74 [0.39, 1.39] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.382 [0.237, 0.648] g/100g; Selenium = 49.2 [25.6, 92.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.2 [3.1, 31.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.511 [0.367, 0.752] mg/100g (wet weight);