分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 6 - 70 m (Ref. 3702). 熱帶; 14°N - 24°S, 84°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Nicaragua to Santos, Brazil.
西大西洋: 尼加拉瓜到巴西的桑托斯。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 115 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 65.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大体重: 4.4 kg (Ref. 125970)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 27-31; 臀棘 2; 臀鳍软条: 8. Greyish to brownish above, silvery below. Upper sides sometimes with inconspicuous minute dark dots. Dorsal fin dusky, its spinous portion black-edged. Soft dorsal fin with dark spots on each ray. Pectoral and pelvic fins as well as anal fin yellowish to orange. Caudal fin dusky. Inside mouth orange. Mouth large, distinctly oblique, lower jaw projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of long, curved, horn-like appendages. Sagitta (large earstone) elongate, with a notch on dorsal margin. Soft portion of dorsal fin membranes unscaled except 2 or 3 rows of scales at base (Ref 51721).
略灰色的到上方褐色的, 下面银色的。 上侧面有时有不明显的细小黑点。 背鳍暗色的, 它的刺状部分黑边。 在每个鳍条上的软的背鳍有深色斑点。 胸鳍与腹鳍以及臀鳍淡黄色的到橘色的。 尾鳍暗色的。 在嘴里橘色的。 嘴大的，明显斜, 下颌突出的。 在顶端上颌有一对大的像犬齿一样的齿。 没有触须或孔的下巴。 吻部有 2个边缘的孔。 气鳔有一对长的，弯曲的，和像触角一样的附肢。 矢耳石 (大的 earstone) 延长, 在上缘上具有一个凹槽。 背鳍薄膜的柔软部位在基底 (参考文献 51721) 的除了 2 或 3 列的鳞片以外不覆有鳞片的。
Usually found over sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters near river mouths (Ref. 3702). Adults stay in deep waters during the day and swim to the surface at night (Ref. 35237). Juveniles inhabit estuaries. Marketed fresh; its flesh is of excellent quality (Ref. 3702). Its swim bladder is being used to make glue (Ref. 35237).
在河口附近的沿岸水域中通常发现于沙泥底之上。 (参考文献 3702) 成鱼停留在深的水域中在白天期间而且游泳到表面在晚上。 (参考文献 35237) 稚鱼栖息于河口。 在市场上销售生鲜地了; 它的肉是有优良品质的。 (参考文献 3702) 它的泳鳔正在被用来制造胶。 (参考文献 35237)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 尼加拉瓜到巴西的桑托斯。
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
更多信息
俗名同种异名新陈代谢捕食者生态毒物学繁殖成熟度产卵场产卵群集孕卵数卵卵的发育
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.7 - 28, mean 27.4 °C (based on 112 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00531 - 0.00822), b=3.06 (3.04 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.26, 95% CL = 0.14 - 0.46, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 67.7 [40.4, 126.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.787 [0.413, 1.359] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.0, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.208 [0.114, 0.339] g/100g; Selenium = 65.4 [34.7, 122.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.3 [5.1, 37.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.939 [0.680, 1.330] mg/100g (wet weight);
