分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 20 m (Ref. 3702). 亞熱帶的; 13°N - 40°S, 80°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Panama to Argentina; Southwest Atlantic: Sergipe, Brazil (Ref. 118626).
西大西洋: 巴拿馬到阿根廷。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 42.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大体重: 17.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 17-22; 臀棘 2; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 9. Body nearly uniform silvery, dark greenish above. Without conspicuous spots on side but with diffuse dark areas along base of dorsal fin and on margin of spinous dorsal fin, ventral side of head, lower margin of pectoral, pelvic, and caudal fins often yellowish orange. Inside of opercle dusky. Mouth large, oblique. Lower jaw slightly projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Lower jaw with a row of enlarged inner-row teeth, gradually increasing in size posteriorly. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with 2 marginal pores. Pectoral fins about equal in length to pelvic fins. Gas bladder with a pair of long, straight, horn-like appendages. Sagitta earstone thin and elongate. Soft portion of dorsal fin unscaled except 2 or 3 rows of small scales along its base (Ref 51271).
身体几乎均匀银色的, 深色的呈绿色的上方。 没有显著的斑点在侧边上但是有扩散的深色区域沿着背鳍基底与在刺状背鳍，腹面头侧的边缘上, 胸鳍，腹鳍与尾鳍的下缘时常淡黄色的橘色。 在鳃盖之内暗色的。 嘴大的, 斜的。 下颌些微突出。 在顶端上颌有一对大的像犬齿一样的齿。 下颌有一列增大的内部-列齿,逐渐地在后部地在大小方面增加。 没有触须或孔的下巴。 吻部有 2个边缘的孔。 胸鳍大约与腹鳍长度相等。 气鳔有一对长的﹐直的﹐和像触角一样的附肢。 矢耳石 earstone 细与细长的。 除了2 或 3 列的小鱗片以外被不鱗片的背鰭柔軟部位沿著它的基底 (參考文獻 51271) 。
Forms schools (Ref. 35237). Found over mud or sandy mud bottoms near mouths of rivers. Juveniles are restricted to brackish and fresh waters. Feeds on shrimps and fishes. Important food fish (Ref. 3702).
形成鱼群。 (参考文献 35237) 发现在在河口附近的泥或沙泥底上了。 稚鱼局限于半咸淡水与淡水。 吃虾与鱼。 重要的食用鱼.(参考文献 3702)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 巴拿馬到阿根廷。
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 292 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00489 - 0.01176), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.27).
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 51.9 [30.0, 101.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.842 [0.438, 1.547] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.0, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.291 [0.169, 0.485] g/100g; Selenium = 22.7 [11.9, 48.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.48 [2.48, 25.80] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.614 [0.445, 0.913] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
