分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes) >
Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hyporhamphus: Greek, hypo = under + Greek, rhamphos = beak, bill (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的; 深度上下限 0 - 5 m (Ref. 5227). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 40°S, 98°W - 32°W
Western Atlantic: south Florida (USA), through the Caribbean and along the coasts of Central and South America to Uruguay.
西大西洋: 緬因州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到阿根廷; 在加勒比海各處.(參考文獻 9710) 烏拉圭.(參考文獻 26938) 東太平洋: 聖地牙哥，美國加州到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 2850)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 18.9 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3723)
Body elongate; lower jaw very prolonged; upper jaw short, triangular, and scaly; lower branch of first gill arch with 29 to 38 gill rakers; fins lacking spines; pectoral fins not very long; caudal fin emarginate or slightly forked; anal fin with 15 to 18 rays; back greenish, with 3 narrow, dark, bars; flanks and belly silvery white; fleshy border of lower jaw red; caudal fin light colored with dark tips (Ref. 55763).
细长的身体; 非常延长的下颌; 上颌短的﹐三角形的﹐与有鳞的; 低分支第一个鳃弓有 29 到 38个鳃耙; 鳍缺乏棘; 胸鳍不是很长; 尾鳍边缘微凹的或些微地分岔; 臀鳍有 15 到 18个鳍条; 背面呈绿色的, 有三个狭窄的﹐深色的, 横带; 侧面与腹面银白色; 下颌红色的肉质边缘; 尾鳍淡色的具有深色的末端.(参考文献 55763)
An inshore, surface-dwelling species forming sizeable schools, frequently entering estuaries (Ref. 3723). Uncommon over reefs (Ref. 9710). Omnivorous, feeds on algae and other small animals (Ref. 3723). Caught with 'mandinga' nets in Venezuela, often using lights (Ref. 3723). Edible but not really appreciated (Ref. 3723).
一种近岸的, 居住在水面的种形成可大小的鱼群, 时常进入河口.(参考文献 3723) 在礁稀有.(参考文献 9710) 杂食性﹐吃藻类与其他的小动物.(参考文献 3723) 在委内瑞拉用 'mandinga' 网捕获了, 时常使用光.(参考文献 3723) 可食用的但是不真的欣赏.(参考文献 3723)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous (Ref. 36576).西大西洋: 緬因州 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到阿根廷; 在加勒比海各處.(參考文獻 9710) 烏拉圭.(參考文獻 26938) 東太平洋: 聖地牙哥，美國加州到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 2850)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 28.1, mean 27.3 °C (based on 769 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00234 (0.00179 - 0.00307), b=3.09 (3.03 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 0.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 234 [47, 570] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.31, 3.13] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [15.8, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.156 [0.056, 0.474] g/100g; Selenium = 13.1 [4.2, 47.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 47.8 [8.0, 301.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.65 [0.61, 4.77] mg/100g (wet weight);
