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Larvae Information Summary for  Benthalbella dentata
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Main Ref: Watson, W. and E.M. Sandknop 1996
Yolk-sac larvae
  max min mod Ref.
Length at birth (mm)     4 35929
Preanal L. % TL 61 40    
Place of development planktonic
Larval area Northeastern Pacific (California Current region); Northwestern Pacific (Japan)
Yolk-sac       Ref:  
Yolk   Oil globules  
Rows on tail no rows
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk no melanophores on head or trunk
No pigmentation except few to many scattered on pectoral fin blade or fin membrane.
Post larvae
Striking feature duck-billed shape of head
Striking shape lateral normal (not striking) dorsal  
Striking feature duck-billed shape of head
Shape of gut elongated
Gas bladder   early absent late absent
Spinal armature   early no spines late no spines
Pigmentation early
Rows on tail no rows
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk no melanophores on head or trunk
Pigmentation late
Rows on tail no rows
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk no melanophores on head or trunk
Urostyle region   early unpigmented late unpigmented
Peritoneum without melanophores
Pectorals normal with few scattered melanophores
Pelvics fin rays only without melanophores
Pelvics ahead of dorsal fin origin; unpigmented except on pectoral fin before transformation. Pigmentation: Yolk-sac through postflexion: none except few to many scattered on pectoral fin blade or fin membrane. Transformation: little on occiput and snout at beginning of stage, increasing and spreading over snout and around eyes; on lower jaw after about 53 mm; scattered laterally on trunk and tail beginning posteriorly by about 52 mm; on peritoneum beginning dorsally just behind level of pectoral fin and spreading caudad and ventrad to enclose gut by end of stage. Sequence of fin development: caudal, pectorals, dorsal and anal, pelvics.
Meristic characters
  max min mod Ref.
Total number of myomeres 55 54   35929
  L 1st feeding Ref. Months of presence of larvae  
max     Jan Feb Mar Apr
min   May Jun Jul Aug
mod     Sep Oct Nov Dec
Water parameters     Metric characters
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