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Larvae Information Summary for  Sphyraena sphyraena
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Main Ref: Bertolini, F., U. D'Ancona, E. Padoa Montalenti, S. Ranzi, L. Sanzo, A. Sparta, E. Tortonese and M. Vialli 1956
Yolk-sac larvae
  max min mod Ref.
Length at birth (mm)     3.5  
Preanal L. % TL        
Place of development  
Larval area to be filled
Yolk-sac       Ref:  
Yolk   Oil globules one oil globulecentralcentralpigmented
Rows on tail dorsal + ventral row
Other melanophores on tail  
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Post larvae
Striking feature none
Striking shape lateral normal (not striking) dorsal normal (not striking)
Striking feature none
Shape of gut elongated
Gas bladder   early   late  
Spinal armature   early   late  
Pigmentation early
Rows on tail dorsal + ventral row
Other melanophores on tail no other melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Pigmentation late
Rows on tail dorsal + ventral row
Other melanophores on tail tail partly covered with melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Urostyle region   early unpigmented late pigmented
Peritoneum with row of melanophores
Pectorals normal  
Pelvics normal (i.e. small or absent)  
At 4.5 mm primordial fin with some melanophores, dorsal and ventral on trunk. At 6.0 mm a ventral-lateral row of melanophores. Snout slightly duck-billed.
Meristic characters
  max min mod Ref.
Total number of vertebrae     24 263
  L 1st feeding Ref. Months of presence of larvae
max     Jan Feb Mar Apr
min   May Jun Jul Aug
mod 4   Sep Oct Nov Dec
Water parameters     Metric characters
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