| Main Ref. | Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen, 1966 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | monogamy:obligate |
| Spawning frequency | throughout the year, but peaking once |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Pratchett, M.S., O.A. Pradjakusuma and G.P. Jones, 2006 |
| Reproductive guild |
guarders nesters |
| Parental Care | paternal |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Distinct pairing (Ref. 56363). Females spawn every 13 days while males guard the eggs which are laid in a burrow for 2-3 days (Ref. 56363). Both sexes impose monogamy as a practise by guarding each other against other possible mates (Ref. 56363). Mate guarding is made possible because all males were able to hold a nest site, both sexes exhibit strong site fidelity, and residents have an advantage in contests over mates (Ref. 56363). Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |