| Main Ref. | Barlow, G.W., 1987 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | monogamy:facultative |
| Spawning frequency | |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Barlow, G.W., 1987 |
| Reproductive guild |
guarders nesters |
| Parental Care | paternal |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Aggression is used commonly in courtship. Spawning commences when after swimming together in different tufts, the female concentrates on just one and begins to thrust repeatedly and pause. The male follows suit nuzzling the female. The female then drops into the algae and spawns, while the male releases the sperm beside her. The pair then swims back to their territory (Ref. 46144). Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |