| 主要參考文獻 | Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990 |
| 模態 | dioecism |
| 受精 | external |
| Mating type | |
| 產卵頻度 | one clear seasonal peak per year |
| Spawning aggregation | 參考文獻 |
| 批次產卵者 | 參考文獻 Gerstmeier, R. and T. Romig, 1998 |
| 生殖同功群 |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| 生命周期與交配行為的描述 | There appears to be individual movements into spawning areas with the males arriving first at spawning areas (Ref. 27547). It occurs at night, with spawners forming a great globular mass, each pushing toward the center (Ref. 28694), or at least milling around close together (Ref. 28697), releasing eggs or sperm. Observed to make postspawning runs upriver, apparently for feeding (Ref. 28697). Eggs hatch after 40-70 days. After about 2 months, juveniles are benthic, grow rapidly, reach about 8 cm SL within first year. (Ref. 59043). |
| 搜尋有關繁殖更多的參考資料 | Scirus |