n = 38
| Scientific Name | Author | Valid Name | Family | English Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roeboides araguaito | Lucena, 2003 | Roeboides araguaito | Characidae | |
| Roeboides bicornis | Cope, 1870 | Roeboides affinis | Characidae | |
| Roeboides biserialis | (Garman, 1890) | Roeboides biserialis | Characidae | |
| Roeboides bonariensis | (Steindachner, 1879) | Roeboides microlepis | Characidae | |
| Roeboides bouchellei | Fowler, 1923 | Roeboides bouchellei | Characidae | Crystal tetra |
| Roeboides bussingi | Matamoros, Chakrabarty, Angulo, Garita-Alvarado & McMahan, 2013 | Roeboides bussingi | Characidae | |
| Roeboides carti | Lucena, 2000 | Roeboides carti | Characidae | |
| Roeboides caucae | Eigenmann, 1922 | Roeboides dayi | Characidae | |
| Roeboides dayi | (Steindachner, 1878) | Roeboides dayi | Characidae | |
| Roeboides dayi dayi | (Steindachner, 1878) | Roeboides dayi | Characidae | |
| Roeboides dayi dientonito | Schultz, 1944 | Roeboides dientonito | Characidae | |
| Roeboides descalvadensis | Fowler, 1932 | Roeboides descalvadensis | Characidae | Parana scale-eating characin |
| Roeboides dientonito | Schultz, 1944 | Roeboides dientonito | Characidae | |
| Roeboides dispar | Lucena, 2001 | Roeboides dispar | Characidae | |
| Roeboides francisci | Steindachner, 1908 | Roeboides xenodon | Characidae | |
| Roeboides guatemalensis | (Günther, 1864) | Roeboides guatemalensis | Characidae | Guatemalan headstander |
| Roeboides hildebrandi | Eigenmann, 1922 | Roeboides occidentalis | Characidae | |
| Roeboides ilseae | Bussing, 1986 | Roeboides ilseae | Characidae | |
| Roeboides loftini | Lucena, 2011 | Roeboides loftini | Characidae | |
| Roeboides macrolepis | Meek & Hildebrand, 1913 | Phenagoniates macrolepis | Characidae | |
| Roeboides magdalenae | Eigenmann, 1922 | Roeboides dayi | Characidae | |
| Roeboides margareteae | Lucena, 2003 | Roeboides margareteae | Characidae | |
| Roeboides meeki | Eigenmann, 1922 | Roeboides dayi | Characidae | |
| Roeboides microlepis | (Reinhardt, 1851) | Roeboides microlepis | Characidae | |
| Roeboides myersi | Gill, 1870 | Roeboides myersii | Characidae | |
| Roeboides myersii | Gill, 1870 | Roeboides myersii | Characidae | |
| Roeboides numerosus | Lucena, 2000 | Roeboides numerosus | Characidae | |
| Roeboides occidentalis | Meek & Hildebrand, 1916 | Roeboides occidentalis | Characidae | |
| Roeboides ocidentalis | Meek & Hildebrand, 1916 | Roeboides occidentalis | Characidae | |
| Roeboides oligistos | Lucena, 2000 | Roeboides oligistos | Characidae | |
| Roeboides paranensis | Pignalberi, 1975 | Roeboides descalvadensis | Characidae | Parana scale-eating characin |
| Roeboides prognathus | (Boulenger, 1895) | Roeboides prognathus | Characidae | |
| Roeboides romeroi | Fowler, 1941 | Roeboides dayi | Characidae | |
| Roeboides rubrivertex | Cope, 1872 | Roeboides myersii | Characidae | |
| Roeboides salvadoris | Hildebrand, 1925 | Roeboides bouchellei | Characidae | Crystal tetra |
| Roeboides sazimai | Lucena, 2007 | Roeboides sazimai | Characidae | |
| Roeboides thurni | Eigenmann, 1912 | Roeboides affinis | Characidae | |
| Roeboides xenodon | (Reinhardt, 1851) | Roeboides xenodon | Characidae |