n = 44
| Scientific Name | Author | Valid Name | Family | English Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheirodon affinis | (Meek & Hildebrand, 1916) | Pseudocheirodon arnoldi | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon annae | McAtee, 1903 | Cheirodon pisciculus | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon arnoldi | Boulenger, 1909 | Pseudocheirodon arnoldi | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon australe | Eigenmann, 1928 | Cheirodon australe | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon axelrodi | Schultz, 1956 | Paracheirodon axelrodi | Characidae | Cardinal tetra |
| Cheirodon dialepturus | Fink & Weitzman, 1974 | Odontostilbe dialeptura | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon eigenmanni | Meek, 1912 | Carlana eigenmanni | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon eques | Steindachner, 1882 | Hyphessobrycon eques | Characidae | Jewel tetra |
| Cheirodon felipponei | (Fowler, 1943) | Cheirodon interruptus | Characidae | Uruguay tetra |
| Cheirodon fugitiva | (Cope, 1870) | Odontostilbe fugitiva | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon galusdai | Eigenmann, 1928 | Cheirodon galusdae | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon gorgonae | Evermann & Goldsborough, 1909 | Compsura gorgonae | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon gracilis | Géry, 1960 | Serrapinnus gracilis | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon gracilis littoris | Géry, 1960 | Odontostilbe littoris | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon heterura | (Eigenmann, 1915) | Compsura heterura | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon ibicuhiensis | Eigenmann, 1915 | Cheirodon ibicuhiensis | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon insignis | Steindachner, 1880 | Nanocheirodon insignis | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon interruptus | (Jenyns, 1842) | Cheirodon interruptus | Characidae | Uruguay tetra |
| Cheirodon interruptus ibicuhiensis | Eigenmann, 1915 | Cheirodon ibicuhiensis | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon interruptus interruptus | (Jenyns, 1842) | Cheirodon interruptus | Characidae | Uruguay tetra |
| Cheirodon jaguaribensis | Fowler, 1941 | Cheirodon jaguaribensis | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon kiliani | Campos, 1982 | Cheirodon kiliani | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon kriegi | Schindler, 1937 | Serrapinnus kriegi | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon leuciscus | Ahl, 1936 | Cheirodon interruptus | Characidae | Uruguay tetra |
| Cheirodon luelingi | Géry, 1964 | Cheirodon luelingi | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon madeirae | Eigenmann, 1915 | Serrapinnus micropterus | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon meinkeni | Ahl, 1928 | Cheirodon interruptus | Characidae | Uruguay tetra |
| Cheirodon microdon | Eigenmann, 1915 | Serrapinnus microdon | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon micropterus | Eigenmann, 1907 | Serrapinnus micropterus | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon mitopterus | Fink & Weitzman, 1974 | Odontostilbe mitoptera | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon monodon | Cope, 1894 | Cheirodon interruptus | Characidae | Uruguay tetra |
| Cheirodon notomelas | Eigenmann, 1915 | Serrapinnus notomelas | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon ortegai | Vari & Géry, 1980 | Cheirodon ortegai | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon pallidifrons | Fowler, 1946 | Bryconella pallidifrons | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon parahybae | Eigenmann, 1915 | Cheirodon parahybae | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon piaba | Lütken, 1875 | Serrapinnus piaba | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon pisciculus | Girard, 1855 | Cheirodon pisciculus | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon pulcher | (Gill, 1858) | Odontostilbe pulchra | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon ribeiroi | Eigenmann, 1907 | Mixobrycon ribeiroi | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon simulans | (Géry, 1963) | Paracheirodon simulans | Characidae | Green neon tetra |
| Cheirodon steindachneri | Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1891 | Aphyocharax nattereri | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon stenodon | Eigenmann, 1915 | Odontostilbe stenodon | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon terrabae | (Bussing, 1967) | Pseudocheirodon terrabae | Characidae | |
| Cheirodon troemneri | Fowler, 1942 | Hyphessobrycon rosaceus | Characidae | Rosy tetra |