n = 26
| Scientific Name | Author | Valid Name | Family | English Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aphyocharax affinis | Ahl, 1923 | Aphyocharax anisitsi | Characidae | Bloodfin tetra |
| Aphyocharax agassizii | (Steindachner, 1882) | Aphyocharax agassizii | Characidae | |
| Aphyocharax alburnus | (Günther, 1869) | Aphyocharax alburnus | Characidae | Goldencrown tetra |
| Aphyocharax analis | Nichols, 1915 | Prionobrama filigera | Characidae | Glass bloodfin |
| Aphyocharax anisitsi | Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 | Aphyocharax anisitsi | Characidae | Bloodfin tetra |
| Aphyocharax avary | Fowler, 1913 | Aphyocharax alburnus | Characidae | Goldencrown tetra |
| Aphyocharax axelrodi | Travassos, 1959 | Hyphessobrycon axelrodi | Characidae | Calypso tetra |
| Aphyocharax brevicaudatus | Brito, Guimarães, Carvalho-Costa & Ottoni, 2019 | Genus Species | New species | |
| Aphyocharax colifax | Taphorn & Thomerson, 1991 | Aphyocharax colifax | Characidae | |
| Aphyocharax dentatus | Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 | Aphyocharax dentatus | Characidae | |
| Aphyocharax erythrurus | Eigenmann, 1912 | Aphyocharax erythrurus | Characidae | Flametail tetra |
| Aphyocharax filigerus | Cope, 1870 | Prionobrama filigera | Characidae | Glass bloodfin |
| Aphyocharax gracilis | Fowler, 1940 | Aphyocharax gracilis | Characidae | |
| Aphyocharax ipacarayensis | Ahl, 1923 | Aphyocharax anisitsi | Characidae | Bloodfin tetra |
| Aphyocharax maxillaris | Ulrey, 1894 | Pristella maxillaris | Characidae | X-ray tetra |
| Aphyocharax melanotus | Eigenmann, 1912 | Microschemobrycon melanotus | Characidae | |
| Aphyocharax nasutus | Ahl, 1936 | Aphyocharax dentatus | Characidae | |
| Aphyocharax nattereri | (Steindachner, 1882) | Aphyocharax nattereri | Characidae | |
| Aphyocharax pappenheimi | Ahl, 1923 | Aphyocharax dentatus | Characidae | |
| Aphyocharax paraguayensis | Eigenmann, 1915 | Aphyocharax nattereri | Characidae | |
| Aphyocharax pusillus | Günther, 1868 | Aphyocharax pusillus | Characidae | |
| Aphyocharax rathbuni | Eigenmann, 1907 | Aphyocharax rathbuni | Characidae | Redflank bloodfin |
| Aphyocharax rubripinnis | (Müller & Troschel, 1844) | Myloplus rubripinnis | Serrasalmidae | Redhook myleus |
| Aphyocharax rubropinnis | Pappenheim, 1922 | Aphyocharax anisitsi | Characidae | Bloodfin tetra |
| Aphyocharax stramineus | Eigenmann, 1907 | Aphyocharax rathbuni | Characidae | Redflank bloodfin |
| Aphyocharax yekwanae | Willink, Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 2003 | Aphyocharax yekwanae | Characidae |