| Reintroduced in 1958 and in the 70s. Responsible for the decline of Schizothorax fishery in the wild and have damaged pond walls in Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Sikkim and Rajasthan. Leather, scale and mirror carp varieties (strains) are used in composite fish culture. The introduction of three varieties (Cyprinus carpio var. communis, C.c. var. specularis and C.c. var. nudus) of this species has contributed significantly in aquaculture production. It is a very hardy species as such compete with indigenous species for food and space. In the reservoirs of upland area the species has affected the population of some fishes such as Maliseer and Snow trout. Also Ref. 12217 and 92228.
Ref:
Shetty, H.P.C., M.C. Nandeesha and A.G. Jhingran, 1989
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