Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758
Mediterranean sand smelt
Çamuka,  Mediterranean sand smelt,  Aterina,  Gamuka,  Gümüs,  Çamuka balığı
Atherina hepsetus
photo by Luquet, D.

Family:  Atherinidae (Silversides), subfamily: Atherininae
Max. size:  20 cm TL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  pelagic-neritic; freshwater; brackish; marine
Distribution:  Eastern Atlantic: coasts of Spain and Morocco including Madeira and the Canary Islands. Also in the western Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea and Black Sea.
Diagnosis:  Total scales in midlateral series 59-65. Anal fin with 10-12 1/2 rays (Ref. 59043).
Biology:  Littoral, often near shore. Gregarious, sometimes occurs in marine lagoons (France) and estuaries (Portugal). Feed on pelagic copepods and benthic crustaceans (Ref. 5980).
IUCN Red List Status: Not Evaluated (N.E.) Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless
Country info:  Known from the Black Sea, Sea of Marmara, Aegean Sea and its watersheds, Mediterranean Sea, European Black Sea watersheds, European Mediterranean Sea watersheds, Anatolian Mediterranean Sea watersheds, Anatolian Black Sea watersheds, Asi Nehri/Orontes watershed and western Anatolian lake watersheds (Ref. 58342). Also Ref. 106151. Found in central coast of Black Sea (Sinop and Samsun vicinity) (Ref. 88083). Threatened by habitat loss and eutrophication/pollution, construction of weirs/dams in rivers and water abstraction (Ref. 58342). Also Ref. 4499. Status of threat: Least concern (Ref. 58342). EurTurk


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