Scorpaena porcus Linnaeus, 1758
Black scorpionfish
Scorpaena porcus
photo by Hernández-González, C.L.

Family:  Scorpaenidae (Scorpionfishes or rockfishes), subfamily: Scorpaeninae
Max. size:  40.5 cm TL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 870.0 g
Environment:  demersal; marine; depth range - 800 m, non-migratory
Distribution:  Eastern Atlantic: British Isles to the Azores, and the Canary Islands, including Morocco, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 12-12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7-9; Anal spines: 3-3; Anal soft rays: 4-6. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D XII,7-9 with the last divided at base; pectoral fin rays 16-18, uppermost branched pectoral fin ray is usually the third (rarely second to fourth); lacrimal usually with 2 spines over maxilla that point at nearly right angle from each other, posterior pointing ventrally and slightly anteriorly; occipital pit is well-developed; anteriormost mandibular lateral line pores are widely separated; scales small, emarginate, no distinct ctenii; scale rows in longitudinal series 56-60; no scales on chest and pectoral fin base; cirri well developed over entire head and body, no cirri on lower jaw (Ref. 122805).
Biology:  Solitary and sedentary. Common among rocks and algae. Feeds on small fishes (gobies, blennies), crustaceans and other invertebrates (Ref. 4570).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 14 July 2014 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  traumatogenic
Country info:  Misidentified as Scorpaena klausewitzi (in Frøiland 1972:25, unpublished thesis) where locality Eilat, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea (based on SMNHTAU 2578) which most probably is in error. The specimen probably originated from the Mediterranean coast (Ref. 122805).


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