Tyrannophryne pugnax Regan & Trewavas, 1932
photo by Ho, H.-C.

Family:  Oneirodidae (Dreamers)
Max. size:  4.7 cm SL (female)
Environment:  bathypelagic; marine; depth range 400 - 2100 m
Distribution:  Pacific Ocean: Eastern Central Pacific (Ref. 40966); western and central Pacific, including South Pacific (Ref. 86949).
Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 5-5; Anal soft rays: 5-5. Metamorphosed females distinguished by having an extremely large oblique mouth; elements of upper and lower jaws extending posteriorly far beyond the base of the pectoral fin and opercular opening; vomerine teeth present or absent; well developed sphenotic spines; well-developed symphisial spine on lower jaw; elongate and tapering angular, forming long narrow spine; hypomandibula with two heads; small quadrate spine, however, longer than articular spine; deeply notched posterior margin of opercle; short and broad subopercle, dorsal end rounded, ventral end nearly circular; toothless pharyngobranchial II; caudal fin lacking internal pigmentation; extremely short illicium, almost totally enveloped by tissue of esca in smaller specimens; well developed first ray of dorsal fin; dorsal fin rays 5; anal fin rays 5; short and broad pectoral fin lobe, shorter than longest rays of pectoral fin; pectoral fin rays 18-20; skin naked, lacking dermal spinules; darkly pigmented skin of caudal peduncle extends well past base of caudal fin (Ref. 86949).
Biology: 
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 11 October 2018 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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