Pseudobatos horkelii (Müller & Henle, 1841)
Brazilian guitarfish
photo by Fischer, L.G.

Family:  Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes)
Max. size:  138 cm TL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  demersal; marine; depth range 1 - 150 m, oceanodromous
Distribution:  Western South Atlantic: From Rio de Janeiro to Argentina.
Diagnosis:  Nostrils are longer, crown is flat transversely or even slightly convex, tubercles in median row are larger, thorn like, numerous. Origin of first dorsal is posterior to the tips of pelvic fins, equal to the base of first dorsal. Upper surface uniform olive gray or chocolate brown, without pale or dark markings. Snout with an oval sooty patch (Ref. 6902).
Biology:  Found from the coast line to the continental edge. Females mature at ca. 90 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Feeds on crustaceans, cephalopods, polychaetes and small fishes. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces litters of 4-12 pups (Ref. 114953).
IUCN Red List Status: Critically Endangered (CR); Date assessed: 01 July 2019 (A2bd) Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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