Philippines country information

Common names: Dangat, Kungkungan, Moong
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 1602, 48613.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Conlu, P.V., 1986
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Polka-dot cardinalfish, Kungkungan, Serinding malam, ... more

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Kurtiformes (Nurseryfishes, cardinalfishes.) > Apogonidae (Cardinalfishes) > Apogoninae
Etymology: Sphaeramia: Greek, sphaira = ball + Greek, amia = a kind of shark (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien rifbewoner; diepte 0 - 5 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 31°N - 27°S, 32°E - 173°W

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Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Kiribati, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia; Belau to eastern Caroline and Mariana Islands in Micronesia.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m ?, range 6 - ? cm
Max length : 10.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 4329); common length : 8.9 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 37816)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 8; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 9; Anale stekels: 2; Anale zachte stralen: 9. Greenish grey, with dark vertical bar from origin of spiny dorsal to just in front of anus; scattered spots on body, head and 1st dorsal membrane; pelvic fins dark (Ref. 4329, 48635).

Restricted to coastal waters, forming small aggregations among mangroves, rocks, debris, or piers of shallow sheltered shorelines. Feeds at night (early evening and just before day break), primarily on planktonic crustaceans. Courtship and spawning occur fortnightly (shortly before new moons and full moons). Eggs are incubated by the male for about 8 days. Larval phase pelagic. Sexual maturity is attained at 7 cm by males and at 6 cm by females (Ref. 1602).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Courtship and spawning occur on a semi-lunar cycle, shortly before full and new moons (Ref. 37816). Distinct pairing during courtship and spawning (Ref. 205). Are mouthbrooders (Ref. 240). Males incubate up to 12,000 eggs for a period of about 8 days (Ref. 37816). After the pelagic larval phase, juveniles settle and grow at a rate of 3 to 6 mm per month (Ref. 37816).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Gon, O., 1986. Apogonidae. p. 546-561. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4329)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 February 2021

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 26.3 - 29.3, mean 28.6 (based on 2452 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02138 (0.01194 - 0.03827), b=3.07 (2.91 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.51 se; based on food items.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): High.

Sphaeramia orbicularis (Cuvier, 1828)