| Citation | Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993, FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date.. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. |
| Ref. | 5222 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993 |
| Page | 18,20,22;fig.40;pl.1b |
| Named Used as Valid | Alphestes afer |
| Comment | |
| Locality | |
| Distribution | Western Atlantic: Bermuda, south Florida (USA), Bahamas, Cuba, West Indies, Panama, Venezuela, and southward to the state of São Paulo, Brazil. |
| Quote | Preopercle with a strong antrorse (forward-pointing) spine at lower part of the angle; opercle with 3 flat spines, middle one the largest. Pectoral fins longer than pelvic fins. Bases of soft dorsal and anal fins covered with scales and thick skin. Dorsal and anal fins high, especially the soft parts. |